PALS EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
NEWEST VERSION
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank]. - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - Correct Answer ✔✔ 30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. - Correct Answer ✔✔
Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Hydrogen ions in
the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
impedes venous return
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- Correct Answer ✔✔ Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Oxygen
saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
decreases lung compliance
,What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - Correct Answer
✔✔ May be caused by disordered control of breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - Correct Answer ✔✔ PaCO2 increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Decreased level of
consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Mild
increase in respiratory effort
Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔
Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - Correct Answer ✔✔
May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress [not respiratory
failure]? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ability to maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory
distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Support an open airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔
Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Allows you to
see the color of the child's lips
, What is the function of the nonrebreathing outlet valve of a self-inflating bag? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating
bag? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
What should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ The pop-off valve can be closed
Oxygen tubing is connected to the device & the oxygen source
How is sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ensure
that the external ear canal is anterior to the shoulder
Where may padding be required under when properly positioning a child older than 2
years of age to maintain a patent airway? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The occiput
What actions are appropriate when providing 1-person bag-mask ventilation? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Perform a head tilt, insert an oral airway, & squeeze the bag until chest rise
What does the E-C clamp technique include? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Using the third,
fourth, & fifth fingers of one hand along the jaw to lift it forward
Using the thumb & index finger of the same hand to hold the face mask
When may a 2-person bag-mask technique be preferable? - Correct Answer ✔✔ When
making a seal is difficult
When there is significant airway resistance
When suctioning a patient, which of the following should be monitored? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Clinical appearance
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
What should you do to help reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Limit suction attempts to 10 seconds or less
Under what circumstance should you use an oropharyngeal airway? - Correct Answer
✔✔ The child must be unconscious
What can happen if the oropharyngeal airway is too large? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It can
block the airway
When measuring for an oropharyngeal airway, it should extend from the corner of the
mouth to the angle of the [blank]. - Correct Answer ✔✔ Jaw
The inspired oxygen concentration of a low-flow oxygen delivery system is between
[blank] % to [blank] %. - Correct Answer ✔✔ 22
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
NEWEST VERSION
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank]. - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - Correct Answer ✔✔ 30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. - Correct Answer ✔✔
Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Hydrogen ions in
the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
impedes venous return
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- Correct Answer ✔✔ Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Oxygen
saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
decreases lung compliance
,What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - Correct Answer
✔✔ May be caused by disordered control of breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - Correct Answer ✔✔ PaCO2 increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Decreased level of
consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Mild
increase in respiratory effort
Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔
Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - Correct Answer ✔✔
May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress [not respiratory
failure]? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ability to maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory
distress? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Support an open airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - Correct Answer ✔✔
Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Allows you to
see the color of the child's lips
, What is the function of the nonrebreathing outlet valve of a self-inflating bag? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating
bag? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
What should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ The pop-off valve can be closed
Oxygen tubing is connected to the device & the oxygen source
How is sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ensure
that the external ear canal is anterior to the shoulder
Where may padding be required under when properly positioning a child older than 2
years of age to maintain a patent airway? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The occiput
What actions are appropriate when providing 1-person bag-mask ventilation? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Perform a head tilt, insert an oral airway, & squeeze the bag until chest rise
What does the E-C clamp technique include? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Using the third,
fourth, & fifth fingers of one hand along the jaw to lift it forward
Using the thumb & index finger of the same hand to hold the face mask
When may a 2-person bag-mask technique be preferable? - Correct Answer ✔✔ When
making a seal is difficult
When there is significant airway resistance
When suctioning a patient, which of the following should be monitored? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Clinical appearance
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
What should you do to help reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Limit suction attempts to 10 seconds or less
Under what circumstance should you use an oropharyngeal airway? - Correct Answer
✔✔ The child must be unconscious
What can happen if the oropharyngeal airway is too large? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It can
block the airway
When measuring for an oropharyngeal airway, it should extend from the corner of the
mouth to the angle of the [blank]. - Correct Answer ✔✔ Jaw
The inspired oxygen concentration of a low-flow oxygen delivery system is between
[blank] % to [blank] %. - Correct Answer ✔✔ 22
