MCB 100: Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Disease Any adverse condition interfering with normal body function
Infection Successful colonization and growth of a microbe in a host
Pathogen A microbe capable of causing disease
, Virulence Factor A microbial trait that increases ability to cause disease (toxins, adhesins, capsules,
etc.)
Signs Objective, measurable indicators of disease (fever, rash)
Symptoms Subjective experiences reported by patient (pain, fatigue)
Incubation Period Time between infection and first symptoms
Prodromal Period Early, mild symptoms before full disease
Illness Phase Peak signs and symptoms
-pathogen loads highest
Decline Phase Immune system clears pathogen
-symptoms lessen
Convalescence Recover and tissue repair
Etiology Study of the cause of a disease
Koch's Postulate Step 1 Pathogen must be present in every case of disease
Koch's Postulate Step 2 Pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Koch's Postulate Step 3 Pure culture must cause disease in healthy host
Koch's Postulate Step 4 Same pathogen must be isolated from newly infected host
Modern Koch's Methods PCR, sequencing, immunological tests, molecular markers
Contact Transmission Direct (touch), indirect (fomites), droplet
Vector Transmission Arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks)
Vehicle Transmission Contaminated food, water, and air
Reservoir Natural habitat of pathogen (humans, animals, and environment)
Respiratory Pathogens Spread via droplets/aerosols (COVID-19, influenza, pertussis)
Fecal-Oral Pathogens Spread via contaminated food/water (cholera, salmonella, listeria)
Virulence Factors Traits that help pathogens colonize, invade, evade immunity
Host Factors Age, immunity, genetics, nutrition affecting disease severity
Epidemiology Study of disease distribution and determinants in populations
Answers
Disease Any adverse condition interfering with normal body function
Infection Successful colonization and growth of a microbe in a host
Pathogen A microbe capable of causing disease
, Virulence Factor A microbial trait that increases ability to cause disease (toxins, adhesins, capsules,
etc.)
Signs Objective, measurable indicators of disease (fever, rash)
Symptoms Subjective experiences reported by patient (pain, fatigue)
Incubation Period Time between infection and first symptoms
Prodromal Period Early, mild symptoms before full disease
Illness Phase Peak signs and symptoms
-pathogen loads highest
Decline Phase Immune system clears pathogen
-symptoms lessen
Convalescence Recover and tissue repair
Etiology Study of the cause of a disease
Koch's Postulate Step 1 Pathogen must be present in every case of disease
Koch's Postulate Step 2 Pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Koch's Postulate Step 3 Pure culture must cause disease in healthy host
Koch's Postulate Step 4 Same pathogen must be isolated from newly infected host
Modern Koch's Methods PCR, sequencing, immunological tests, molecular markers
Contact Transmission Direct (touch), indirect (fomites), droplet
Vector Transmission Arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks)
Vehicle Transmission Contaminated food, water, and air
Reservoir Natural habitat of pathogen (humans, animals, and environment)
Respiratory Pathogens Spread via droplets/aerosols (COVID-19, influenza, pertussis)
Fecal-Oral Pathogens Spread via contaminated food/water (cholera, salmonella, listeria)
Virulence Factors Traits that help pathogens colonize, invade, evade immunity
Host Factors Age, immunity, genetics, nutrition affecting disease severity
Epidemiology Study of disease distribution and determinants in populations
