NSG 152: infection UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
epidemic A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
pandemic Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area
and affects a very high proportion of the
population.
mortality vs morbidity Mortality is death rate and morbidity is illness.
prevalence vs incidence prevalence = percent of people affected in a
population
incidence = new incidents in a given time
period/total population at risk
demographic data -population: group of individuals sharing
common characteristics from which a sample is
drawn
-environment: all external factors that affect the
health of a population
disease specific data -symptoms
-transmission
-treatment
-diagnostics
infection relationship with gas -infection causes inflammation, swelling, fluid
exchange: accumulation
-damage = less alveoli for gas exchange
-leads to hypoxia and potentially ARDS
-infection impacts perfusion
, infection relationship with -sepsis induced hypotension: infection triggers
perfusion: vasodilation
-microvascular dysfunction: inflammation
damages vessels
-myocardial depression: decreased CO,
inflammatory toxins
-increases vascular permeability; fluid leaks into
tissues, low circulating fluid volume
-coagulation dysfunction: inflammation causes
microclots
infection relationship with clotting: -cytokine storm: inflammation triggers release
activating clotting factors
-blood vessel damage
-disseminated intravascular coagulation
infection relationship with -shift from anabolism to catabolism
metabolism: -insulin resistance
-high energy demand
-metabolic reprogramming (example: diabetes)
infection relationship with -immune cells release pyrogens forcing
thermoregulation: hypothalamus to increase temperature (fever)
-shivering/blood vessel constriction to conserve
heat
-fever increases efficacy of WBCs
-profound fever or hypothermia with sepsis
infection relationship with mobility: -weakness, dizziness
-inflammation in joints causes pain and stiffness
-lymphedema
and CORRECT Answers
epidemic A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
pandemic Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area
and affects a very high proportion of the
population.
mortality vs morbidity Mortality is death rate and morbidity is illness.
prevalence vs incidence prevalence = percent of people affected in a
population
incidence = new incidents in a given time
period/total population at risk
demographic data -population: group of individuals sharing
common characteristics from which a sample is
drawn
-environment: all external factors that affect the
health of a population
disease specific data -symptoms
-transmission
-treatment
-diagnostics
infection relationship with gas -infection causes inflammation, swelling, fluid
exchange: accumulation
-damage = less alveoli for gas exchange
-leads to hypoxia and potentially ARDS
-infection impacts perfusion
, infection relationship with -sepsis induced hypotension: infection triggers
perfusion: vasodilation
-microvascular dysfunction: inflammation
damages vessels
-myocardial depression: decreased CO,
inflammatory toxins
-increases vascular permeability; fluid leaks into
tissues, low circulating fluid volume
-coagulation dysfunction: inflammation causes
microclots
infection relationship with clotting: -cytokine storm: inflammation triggers release
activating clotting factors
-blood vessel damage
-disseminated intravascular coagulation
infection relationship with -shift from anabolism to catabolism
metabolism: -insulin resistance
-high energy demand
-metabolic reprogramming (example: diabetes)
infection relationship with -immune cells release pyrogens forcing
thermoregulation: hypothalamus to increase temperature (fever)
-shivering/blood vessel constriction to conserve
heat
-fever increases efficacy of WBCs
-profound fever or hypothermia with sepsis
infection relationship with mobility: -weakness, dizziness
-inflammation in joints causes pain and stiffness
-lymphedema
