NRSG 1030 EXAM 7 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
classification of surgeries body system, purpose, degree of urgency, degree of risk
The body system being operated on will determine risk of postop infection
what?
high risk body system surgeries GI, respiratory, GU
high risk surgery regardless of body system ruptured organ or penetrating injury
ablative surgery removal of diseased tissue or body part (gallbladder)
diagnostic (exploratory) surgery confirm or rule out a diagnosis (biopsy)
palliative surgery relieve discomfort without producing a cure (tumor removal to relieve pain
despite incurable cancer)
reconstructive surgery restores function or appearance
cosmetic surgery improve appearance
transplant surgery replaces a malfunctioning body part, tissue, or organ ( joint or organ
replacement)
procurement surgery tissue or organ harvested from a donor who has been pronounced brain dead.
tissue/organ transplanted to another person
emergency surgery timeframe transport to the OR ASAP
reason for emergency surgery preserve the patient's life or function
examples of emergency surgeries internal hemorrhage, rupture of an organ, trauma
urgent surgery timeframe scheduled within 24-48 hours
reason for urgent surgeries to alleviate symptoms, repair a body part, or restore function
example of urgent surgery removal of a cancerous breast, internal fixation of a fracture
elective surgery when surgery is recommended but not time sensitive
example of elective surgeries torn ligament, removal of rectal polyps, rhinoplasty
major surgery high degree of risk
, classifications for major surgery possibility for significant blood loss, vital organs, complicated, increased risk of
post-op complications
minor surgery involves little risk, usually outpatient
never events serious/costly, mostly preventable, medicare will not remiburse
examples of "never events" wrong body part, wrong patient, wrong surgery, DVT or PE after total knee/hip
replacement, foreign body left in pt, surgical site infections after elective
surgery
how to promote perioperative safety hand hygiene, patient identification, time-out before starting, and following
procedures
ideal surgical candidate healthy young adult, no pre-existing conditions, and no medications
preexisting wounds (trauma) contaminated wounds (surgery to repair traumatic wounds), and infected
wounds
created wounds (incision) clean wound, clean-contaminated
types of wounds can predispose a person to delayed healing/risk of infection
How are infants at surgical risk? poor temperature regulation, immature immune, cardiovascular, liver, and renal
systems, increased risk for infection, increased risk for excessive/deficit fluid
volume, poor communication
how is the older adult at risk for surgery? less physiological reserve, decreased kidney function, immune, and bone mass,
decreased cough reflex, increased time for wound healing, comorbidities,
increase post op complications
what chronic conditions put someone at risk for disorders of cardiovascular, coagulation, respiratory, renal, diabetes, liver,
surgery? neurological, and nutritional deficiencies
acute conditions putting someone at risk for surgery acute infections
risk of upper respiratory tract infections with surgery increased risk of post op pneumonia, especially under general anesthesia
CORRECT Answers
classification of surgeries body system, purpose, degree of urgency, degree of risk
The body system being operated on will determine risk of postop infection
what?
high risk body system surgeries GI, respiratory, GU
high risk surgery regardless of body system ruptured organ or penetrating injury
ablative surgery removal of diseased tissue or body part (gallbladder)
diagnostic (exploratory) surgery confirm or rule out a diagnosis (biopsy)
palliative surgery relieve discomfort without producing a cure (tumor removal to relieve pain
despite incurable cancer)
reconstructive surgery restores function or appearance
cosmetic surgery improve appearance
transplant surgery replaces a malfunctioning body part, tissue, or organ ( joint or organ
replacement)
procurement surgery tissue or organ harvested from a donor who has been pronounced brain dead.
tissue/organ transplanted to another person
emergency surgery timeframe transport to the OR ASAP
reason for emergency surgery preserve the patient's life or function
examples of emergency surgeries internal hemorrhage, rupture of an organ, trauma
urgent surgery timeframe scheduled within 24-48 hours
reason for urgent surgeries to alleviate symptoms, repair a body part, or restore function
example of urgent surgery removal of a cancerous breast, internal fixation of a fracture
elective surgery when surgery is recommended but not time sensitive
example of elective surgeries torn ligament, removal of rectal polyps, rhinoplasty
major surgery high degree of risk
, classifications for major surgery possibility for significant blood loss, vital organs, complicated, increased risk of
post-op complications
minor surgery involves little risk, usually outpatient
never events serious/costly, mostly preventable, medicare will not remiburse
examples of "never events" wrong body part, wrong patient, wrong surgery, DVT or PE after total knee/hip
replacement, foreign body left in pt, surgical site infections after elective
surgery
how to promote perioperative safety hand hygiene, patient identification, time-out before starting, and following
procedures
ideal surgical candidate healthy young adult, no pre-existing conditions, and no medications
preexisting wounds (trauma) contaminated wounds (surgery to repair traumatic wounds), and infected
wounds
created wounds (incision) clean wound, clean-contaminated
types of wounds can predispose a person to delayed healing/risk of infection
How are infants at surgical risk? poor temperature regulation, immature immune, cardiovascular, liver, and renal
systems, increased risk for infection, increased risk for excessive/deficit fluid
volume, poor communication
how is the older adult at risk for surgery? less physiological reserve, decreased kidney function, immune, and bone mass,
decreased cough reflex, increased time for wound healing, comorbidities,
increase post op complications
what chronic conditions put someone at risk for disorders of cardiovascular, coagulation, respiratory, renal, diabetes, liver,
surgery? neurological, and nutritional deficiencies
acute conditions putting someone at risk for surgery acute infections
risk of upper respiratory tract infections with surgery increased risk of post op pneumonia, especially under general anesthesia
