NRSG 1030 EXAM 6 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Kidney's primary functions filter waste, regulate blood pressure, electrolytes, and acid/base balance
secondary functions of kidneys produce eythryopoietin, secrete renin, and activate vitamin D3
ureters function transport urine to bladder and prevent backflow
bladder function stretches to store urine
urethra function transports urine out of body
first step of urinary elimination bladder distention
second step of urinary elimination stretch receptors send signal to reflex center
third step of urinary elimination motor impulse contracts detruser muscler and internal sphincter relaxes
fourth step of urinary elimination conscious choice to void, external urethral sphincter relaxes
last step of urinary elimination urine passes through urethra
constant high blood pressure causes kidney damage
void urinate
micturition act of urinating
anuria absence of urine (<100ml in 24 hours)
dysuria difficulty urinating
oliguria decreased/scanty urine output (<400ml in 24 hours)
pyuria pus (leukocytes) in urine, cloudy urine
enuresis involuntary loss of urine, incontinence
nocturnal enuresis bed wetting
nocturia excessive urination at night
when should you potty train a child? when child has gained control of external sphincter (1.5 - 3 years old)
normal output for newborn 15-60 ml per kg/day, kidneys cannot concentrate urine
, factors affecting urinary elimination in infants and bedwetting
children
genetic factors of bedwetting genetic up until 7 years old, higher chance if mom's side has issue
older adults factors influencing urinary elimination contain 2/3 the amount of nephrons, loss of elasticity in bladder, prone to
residual urine
why do caffeine and alcohol cause excessive urination? impair the release of ADH
how does salt affect the kidneys? water retention
how does prolonged activity affect the kidneys? kidneys conserve water
psychological factors influencing urinary elimination privacy, dignity, time, culture, anxiety
medications affecting micturition diuretics, anticholinergics, nephrotoxic medications
nephrotoxic medications aspirin, ibuprofen, antibiotics
pathological conditions affecting micturition infection, obstruction, hypertrophy of prostate (BPH)
factors that indirectly affect urination constipation, neurogenic bladder, cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, surgery,
anesthesia, systemic infection, immobility, impaired communication, cognitively
impaired
assessment of urine color, clarity, odor, specific gravity
what color should urine be? straw colored
If your pt's UA comes back with low specific gravity, retest
what should you do?
when is specific gravity higher? in the morning
range for specific gravity 1.005-1.030
How should input and output compare? they should be equal
how much urine do kidneys produce every hour? 50-60 ml
how much output of urine is normal per day? >1500 ml
What history should you obtain in a genitourinary I/O, normal patterns, catheter, description, difficulty/pain, lifestyle
assessment?
are routine UA's sterile? no
clean catch or midstream specimen discard first and last amounts of specimen
24 hour urine specimen discard first void, then collect every void for the next 24 hours
CORRECT Answers
Kidney's primary functions filter waste, regulate blood pressure, electrolytes, and acid/base balance
secondary functions of kidneys produce eythryopoietin, secrete renin, and activate vitamin D3
ureters function transport urine to bladder and prevent backflow
bladder function stretches to store urine
urethra function transports urine out of body
first step of urinary elimination bladder distention
second step of urinary elimination stretch receptors send signal to reflex center
third step of urinary elimination motor impulse contracts detruser muscler and internal sphincter relaxes
fourth step of urinary elimination conscious choice to void, external urethral sphincter relaxes
last step of urinary elimination urine passes through urethra
constant high blood pressure causes kidney damage
void urinate
micturition act of urinating
anuria absence of urine (<100ml in 24 hours)
dysuria difficulty urinating
oliguria decreased/scanty urine output (<400ml in 24 hours)
pyuria pus (leukocytes) in urine, cloudy urine
enuresis involuntary loss of urine, incontinence
nocturnal enuresis bed wetting
nocturia excessive urination at night
when should you potty train a child? when child has gained control of external sphincter (1.5 - 3 years old)
normal output for newborn 15-60 ml per kg/day, kidneys cannot concentrate urine
, factors affecting urinary elimination in infants and bedwetting
children
genetic factors of bedwetting genetic up until 7 years old, higher chance if mom's side has issue
older adults factors influencing urinary elimination contain 2/3 the amount of nephrons, loss of elasticity in bladder, prone to
residual urine
why do caffeine and alcohol cause excessive urination? impair the release of ADH
how does salt affect the kidneys? water retention
how does prolonged activity affect the kidneys? kidneys conserve water
psychological factors influencing urinary elimination privacy, dignity, time, culture, anxiety
medications affecting micturition diuretics, anticholinergics, nephrotoxic medications
nephrotoxic medications aspirin, ibuprofen, antibiotics
pathological conditions affecting micturition infection, obstruction, hypertrophy of prostate (BPH)
factors that indirectly affect urination constipation, neurogenic bladder, cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, surgery,
anesthesia, systemic infection, immobility, impaired communication, cognitively
impaired
assessment of urine color, clarity, odor, specific gravity
what color should urine be? straw colored
If your pt's UA comes back with low specific gravity, retest
what should you do?
when is specific gravity higher? in the morning
range for specific gravity 1.005-1.030
How should input and output compare? they should be equal
how much urine do kidneys produce every hour? 50-60 ml
how much output of urine is normal per day? >1500 ml
What history should you obtain in a genitourinary I/O, normal patterns, catheter, description, difficulty/pain, lifestyle
assessment?
are routine UA's sterile? no
clean catch or midstream specimen discard first and last amounts of specimen
24 hour urine specimen discard first void, then collect every void for the next 24 hours
