CE 442 Test 2 questions with answers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In a lumped model, a basin that is half urban and half
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forested will have runoff guidance (perhaps expressed as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the NRCS curve number) based on which of the following?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔One value for the whole basin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that is an average of the urban and forested values
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Even though the mean areal precipitation (MAP) might
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
actually do a good job of representing the average |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
precipitation that fell on the basin, in which cases might a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distributed model do a better job of simulating the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
response?
Choose all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*When the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storm is small compared to the size of the watershed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
*When there is a high degree of spatial variability in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storm
In general, lumped models and distributed models work in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a similar fashion, in that both modeling approaches must
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determine the fate of the precipitation at the end of each |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
time step. |\
Choose the best answer. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,A common method of assigning flow directions to grid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cells is by directing it to _____. - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔the grid cell with the greatest downslope gradient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
There is no lumping or averaging of descriptive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parameters in a distributed model. - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔False
Which characteristics of distributed models make them
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different from lumped models? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*They require more input data. |\ |\ |\ |\
*They tend to use physically-based approaches.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Distributed model output is most appropriate for which of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the following forecast scenarios? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*Flash flood events |\ |\
*Point forecasts within the basin
|\ |\ |\ |\
Distributed hydrologic models tend to perform well on |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
runoff events that are dominated by sub-surface flow. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False |\ |\
In which of the following situations might a distributed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
model perform least effectively? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Correctly estimating subsurface flow |\ |\ |\
, Where does the excess precipitation in the grid cell of a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distributed model come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*It comes from upstream cells.
|\ |\ |\ |\
*It is generated in that cell.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The St. Venant equations can be used for which important
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
functions of a distributed hydrologic model? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔*Overland flow |\ |\
*Channel routing |\
Distributed hydrologic models tend to avoid using |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physically-based methods and equations. - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔False |\
The 2010 version of the NWS Distributed Hydrologic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Model uses a modified version of the SAC-SMA model for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the primary rainfall/runoff routine. - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔True
Which of the following describe significant advancements
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in the SAC-HT model used for rainfall/runoff? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔*Conversion of water depths in conceptual |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storage zones to water contents in physical soil layers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In a lumped model, a basin that is half urban and half
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forested will have runoff guidance (perhaps expressed as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the NRCS curve number) based on which of the following?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔One value for the whole basin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that is an average of the urban and forested values
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Even though the mean areal precipitation (MAP) might
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
actually do a good job of representing the average |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
precipitation that fell on the basin, in which cases might a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distributed model do a better job of simulating the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
response?
Choose all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*When the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storm is small compared to the size of the watershed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
*When there is a high degree of spatial variability in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storm
In general, lumped models and distributed models work in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a similar fashion, in that both modeling approaches must
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determine the fate of the precipitation at the end of each |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
time step. |\
Choose the best answer. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,A common method of assigning flow directions to grid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cells is by directing it to _____. - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔the grid cell with the greatest downslope gradient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
There is no lumping or averaging of descriptive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parameters in a distributed model. - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔False
Which characteristics of distributed models make them
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
different from lumped models? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*They require more input data. |\ |\ |\ |\
*They tend to use physically-based approaches.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Distributed model output is most appropriate for which of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the following forecast scenarios? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*Flash flood events |\ |\
*Point forecasts within the basin
|\ |\ |\ |\
Distributed hydrologic models tend to perform well on |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
runoff events that are dominated by sub-surface flow. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False |\ |\
In which of the following situations might a distributed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
model perform least effectively? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Correctly estimating subsurface flow |\ |\ |\
, Where does the excess precipitation in the grid cell of a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distributed model come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔*It comes from upstream cells.
|\ |\ |\ |\
*It is generated in that cell.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The St. Venant equations can be used for which important
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
functions of a distributed hydrologic model? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔*Overland flow |\ |\
*Channel routing |\
Distributed hydrologic models tend to avoid using |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physically-based methods and equations. - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔False |\
The 2010 version of the NWS Distributed Hydrologic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Model uses a modified version of the SAC-SMA model for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the primary rainfall/runoff routine. - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔True
Which of the following describe significant advancements
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in the SAC-HT model used for rainfall/runoff? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔*Conversion of water depths in conceptual |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
storage zones to water contents in physical soil layers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
