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Confounding variables - ANSWER ✓ Any uncontrolled factors known or
suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable during an experiment that is
unexpected and not considered in planning.
Response block - ANSWER ✓ Physically intervening to interrupt and prevent a
response from occurring.
Respondent Conditioning - ANSWER ✓ What occurs when an unconditioned
stimulus (US), is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (NS), causing the
neutral stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus (CS), that elicits the reflexive
behavior (now a CR), without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus (US).
Replication - ANSWER ✓ Demonstrating that reintroducing the independent
variable after it was withdrawn produces a return of the dependent variable to
levels similar to those observed in previous independent variable conditions.
Self management - ANSWER ✓ Behavior analytic procedures that target one's
own behavior by defining the desired target response (controlled response),
programming behaviors to help evoke that desired target response (controlling
response), and arranging reinforcers that are available contingent on meeting the
desired target response.
Response prompts - ANSWER ✓ A temporary antecedent stimulus in the form of
verbal instruction, a model, or physical support that is delivered close in time with
the relevant SD to help the client engage in a correct response until the natural SD
gains stimulus control.
Matching law - ANSWER ✓ A behavioral concept that maintains that behavior is
produced in direct proportion to the reinforcement that is available for that
,behavior. Examples: Choosing salad over pizza, choosing to text versus to call,
choosing to study over going out with your friends.
Generalized Conditioned Punisher (GCSP) - ANSWER ✓ A type of conditioned
punisher that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers.
discriminated avoidance - ANSWER ✓ A signaled (SD) contingency for behavior
that indicates that engaging in the behavior will prevent and/or delay the onset of
an aversive stimulus.
technological - ANSWER ✓ A dimension of ABA, which explains that ABA
procedures must be defined clearly and in detail. Hence, they are replicable and
can generate the same results as the previous implementation of the same
procedures.
Shaping - ANSWER ✓ A strategy for teaching novel behaviors using successive
approximations to a terminal response, which are differentially reinforced until the
client is able to differentiate the terminal response from the successive
approximations.
Indirect measures of behavior - ANSWER ✓ A measurement of behavior that
produces a secondhand account of the occurrence of the behavior.
negative reinforcement - ANSWER ✓ A process that occurs when a behavior is
followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the
future frequency of that and similar behaviors under similar conditions.
Cumulative record - ANSWER ✓ A continuous graph to which new data are
added, visually displaying the cumulative total of the behavior over time.
Adjunctive Behaviors - ANSWER ✓ Behaviors that occur in between the
provision of reinforcement when reinforcement isn't available and are maintained
independent of reinforcement contingencies, but exist due to the contingencies
being available for other behaviors.
Selectionism - ANSWER ✓ A philosophical assumption underlying the science
of behavior analysis that anything that evolves does so because of the
consequences of behavior. Meaning that behaviors that result in positive
consequences, survive and produce more sophisticated repertoires.
, stimulus generalization - ANSWER ✓ Responding in the same way to antecedent
stimuli that share certain aspects of other antecedent stimuli (SDs).
stimulus class - ANSWER ✓ A group of stimuli that share a common function,
topography, or temporal relation and have a common effect on a response class.
Program common stimuli - ANSWER ✓ A method to program for generalization
during instruction that ensures the SDs used in the instructional setting are similar
or the same as those used in the generalization setting/natural environment.
single-subject designs - ANSWER ✓ A type of experimental design in which
each subject serves as their own control, and the effects of treatment are compared
to the subject's own baseline data.
naturalistic teaching - ANSWER ✓ A teaching methodology that involves
embedding learning opportunities into ongoing, every day activities by capitalizing
on the EOs in natural contexts and choice-making, focusing on client interest and
initiations.
ABC Narrative Recording - ANSWER ✓ A direct and descriptive measurement,
and assessment procedure in which instances of a naturally occurring target
behavior and the specific environmental events (antecedents and consequences)
accompanying the behavior are recorded. Measurement is conducted only when the
behavior occurs using narrative, written descriptions of the behavior and the
corresponding specific environmental events and used to calculate conditional
probabilities for that behavior.
Extinction - ANSWER ✓ A process where a maintaining reinforcer is no longer
provided, and the behavior that has been maintained by that reinforcer decreases
and eventually ceases.
conditional discriminations - ANSWER ✓ Correct responding that requires
discriminating an antecedent stimulus condition (SD) that is conditional on the
presence of another antecedent stimulus condition, for the response to produce
reinforcement.
stimulus salience - ANSWER ✓ Making stimuli more prominent in a learning
environment to help establish stimulus control/skill acquisition.
, Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer (GCSR) - ANSWER ✓ A type of
conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and
conditioned reinforcers.
*To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must:*
A. Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) slowly
B. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
C. Provide a lot of time between trials
D. Wait to reinforce at the end of the session - ANSWER ✓ B
Feedback: To achieve momentum during a discrete trial, the discriminative stimuli
must be delivered quickly
*Which of the following is an example of an exploitative relationships?*
A. A grateful mother baking a cake for her child's ABA team
B. A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child
receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware
store
C. Two co-workers flirting with each other
D. An RBT thanking her mentor for being supportive - ANSWER ✓ B
Feedback: If a BCBA offers services in exchange for goods or special favors, the
relationship can be considered exploitive
*Behavioral function tries to explain:*
A. How the behavior is happening
B. When the behavior is happening
C. How long the behavior is happening
D. Why the behavior is happening - ANSWER ✓ D
Feedback: Behavioral function tries to explain why the behavior is happening.
*Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 tips by Dr. Joaquin Fuentes for
supporting a person with ASD?*
A. People with ASD are people first.
B. People with ASD deserve services.
C. People with ASD belong with other people with ASD.
D. People with ASD have human rights. - ANSWER ✓ C