ADVANCED DYSRHYTHMIAS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Sinus Arrhythmia.
Answer: Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory - Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
⩥ Sinus Bradycardia.
Answer: <60
normal sinus rhythm
⩥ Sinus Tachycardia.
Answer: >100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
⩥ Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC).
Answer: Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the
T wave
, PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be
different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
⩥ Sinus Arrest/Pause.
Answer: - SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
⩥ Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib).
Answer: an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
⩥ Atrial Flutter.
Answer: irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with
2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"
⩥ Junctional Rhythm.
Answer: 40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
- slow rate
- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Sinus Arrhythmia.
Answer: Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory - Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
⩥ Sinus Bradycardia.
Answer: <60
normal sinus rhythm
⩥ Sinus Tachycardia.
Answer: >100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
⩥ Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC).
Answer: Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the
T wave
, PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be
different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
⩥ Sinus Arrest/Pause.
Answer: - SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
⩥ Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib).
Answer: an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
⩥ Atrial Flutter.
Answer: irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with
2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"
⩥ Junctional Rhythm.
Answer: 40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
- slow rate
- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
