WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
REVISION HANDBOOK 2026 IMMUNOLOGIC
AND MULTISYSTEM DISORDERS
◉ What describes the functions of diffusion?
a. It is the process by which molecules move from high-
concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
b. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into
a more concentrated one.
c. It is a process by which certain molecules pass through the
plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
d. It is a process by which a substance requires energy to pass
through a membrane against a concentration gradient.
Answer: a. It is the process by which molecules move from high-
concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
◉ Which best describes the difference between osteoarthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis?
a. The pathophysiology includes joint swelling and deformity,
and intense inflammation with joint erosion.
,b. It is an autoimmune disease with an unknown antigen.
c. The most commonly affected joints are the hand and
metacarpophalangeal joints.
d. It is a degenerative joint disease caused by aging or excessive
trauma to a joint..
Answer: a. The pathophysiology includes joint swelling and
deformity,
and intense inflammation with joint erosion.
◉ (Picture of a leg) Which type of curvature of the spine is shown
in the image?
a. Kyphosis
b. Scoliosis
c. Lordosis
d. Normal.
Answer: c. Lordosis
◉ A middle-aged female presents with symptoms of muscle
tenderness and fatigue. She also reports the death of her
grandmother, which occurred three months ago, as the time
period in which she has noticed an increase in symptoms. Her
impact exercise and acupuncture.
,a. Fibromyalgia
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Polymyositis
d. Tendonitis.
Answer: a. Fibromyalgia
◉ A patient was diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID). Which related result might be noted on this patient's
record?
a. Elevated RBC count15 | Page
b. Elevated FSH levels
c. Elevated C-reactive protein
d. Elevated BUN.
Answer: c. Elevated C-reactive protein
◉ What does the renal system do to deal with disturbances in the
acid-base balance?
a. Prevent the absorption of sodium and potassium
b. Increases ventilation to drop the H+ ion level
c. Blocks the arterial walls from absorbing electrolytes
d. Regulates the excretion or reabsorption of H+ and HCO-3.
Answer: d. Regulates the excretion or reabsorption of H+ and HCO-3
, ◉ What are the buffer systems that absorb or donate H+ ions to
prevent large swings in blood pH? Choose 2 answers.
a. The atrial natriuretic buffering system
b. The intracellular fluid buffering system
c. The diffusion and osmosis buffering system
d. The renal buffering system
e. The carbonic-acid and bicarbonate system
f. The phosphate buffering system.
Answer: e. The carbonic-acid and bicarbonate system
◉ A patient's records indicate a diagnosis of a staphylococcal skin
infection (often referred to as a "superbug"), which caused a boil
to develop on the patient's buttock. Symptoms included red, swollen
skin with pus.
a. Scabs
b. Itchiness
c. Scaliness
d. Warm to touch.
Answer: d. Warm to touch
◉ Which accurately describes a chromosomal alteration?
REVISION HANDBOOK 2026 IMMUNOLOGIC
AND MULTISYSTEM DISORDERS
◉ What describes the functions of diffusion?
a. It is the process by which molecules move from high-
concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
b. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into
a more concentrated one.
c. It is a process by which certain molecules pass through the
plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
d. It is a process by which a substance requires energy to pass
through a membrane against a concentration gradient.
Answer: a. It is the process by which molecules move from high-
concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
◉ Which best describes the difference between osteoarthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis?
a. The pathophysiology includes joint swelling and deformity,
and intense inflammation with joint erosion.
,b. It is an autoimmune disease with an unknown antigen.
c. The most commonly affected joints are the hand and
metacarpophalangeal joints.
d. It is a degenerative joint disease caused by aging or excessive
trauma to a joint..
Answer: a. The pathophysiology includes joint swelling and
deformity,
and intense inflammation with joint erosion.
◉ (Picture of a leg) Which type of curvature of the spine is shown
in the image?
a. Kyphosis
b. Scoliosis
c. Lordosis
d. Normal.
Answer: c. Lordosis
◉ A middle-aged female presents with symptoms of muscle
tenderness and fatigue. She also reports the death of her
grandmother, which occurred three months ago, as the time
period in which she has noticed an increase in symptoms. Her
impact exercise and acupuncture.
,a. Fibromyalgia
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Polymyositis
d. Tendonitis.
Answer: a. Fibromyalgia
◉ A patient was diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID). Which related result might be noted on this patient's
record?
a. Elevated RBC count15 | Page
b. Elevated FSH levels
c. Elevated C-reactive protein
d. Elevated BUN.
Answer: c. Elevated C-reactive protein
◉ What does the renal system do to deal with disturbances in the
acid-base balance?
a. Prevent the absorption of sodium and potassium
b. Increases ventilation to drop the H+ ion level
c. Blocks the arterial walls from absorbing electrolytes
d. Regulates the excretion or reabsorption of H+ and HCO-3.
Answer: d. Regulates the excretion or reabsorption of H+ and HCO-3
, ◉ What are the buffer systems that absorb or donate H+ ions to
prevent large swings in blood pH? Choose 2 answers.
a. The atrial natriuretic buffering system
b. The intracellular fluid buffering system
c. The diffusion and osmosis buffering system
d. The renal buffering system
e. The carbonic-acid and bicarbonate system
f. The phosphate buffering system.
Answer: e. The carbonic-acid and bicarbonate system
◉ A patient's records indicate a diagnosis of a staphylococcal skin
infection (often referred to as a "superbug"), which caused a boil
to develop on the patient's buttock. Symptoms included red, swollen
skin with pus.
a. Scabs
b. Itchiness
c. Scaliness
d. Warm to touch.
Answer: d. Warm to touch
◉ Which accurately describes a chromosomal alteration?
