NU 301 Final Exam UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
What are some common medications for Alzheimer's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased
Memory & Cognition
o Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne), N-
menthyl-D-aspirate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, Memantine (Namenda))
Depression
o SSRIs (Zoloft, Celexa, Prozac), Tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil, Pamelor)
Behavioral problems
o Antipsychotics - Haldol, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Abilify
o Benzodiazepines - Ativan, Restoril
Sleep Disturbances
o Zolpidem (Ambien)
What is the patho of Parkinson's Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Chronic, progressive
neurodegenerative disorder
- Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons
What is the Parkinson's Triad? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Bradykinesia - Slowness in initiation &
execution of movement
2. Rigidity - Increased muscle tone, resistance to passive movement, jerky, slow movement
3. Tremor at rest - Starts in upper arm/hand, pill rolling, can involve head - twitching side to side
How is Parkinson's diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -o Made with 2/3 characteristic signs in the
triad
o Confirmed with improvement upon starting Parkinson's meds
What is the first line drug choice for Parkinson's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Levodopa with
carbidopa (Sinemet)
,What are some nursing considerations for Parkinson's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -o Fall risk
o Assistive devices
o Assistance with eating
o Dysphagia diet
o PT referral
o Home modifications
What are the clinical manifestations of MG? - CORRECT ANSWER --Fluctuating weakness of
skeletal muscles
-Muscles most often effected:
eyes & eye lids, chewing, swallowing, speaking & breathing
-Muscle weakness/fatigue progresses as day goes on
What is the patho of Myasthenia Gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER --Chronic progressive
autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction
-Weakness of voluntary muscles
-Decreased amount of acetylcholine available at the neuromuscular junction
How is Myasthenia Gravis (MG) diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER --H & P
-EMG
-Tensilon test
What is a Myasthenic Crisis? - CORRECT ANSWER --Acute exacerbation of muscle weakness
- Can impair swallowing & breathing, aspiration, respiratory insufficiency & respiratory infection
How is MG managed? - CORRECT ANSWER --Meds; Anticholinesterase agents, corticosteroids,
immunosuppressive agents
-Surgery - thymectomy (removal of thymus gland)
,-Plasmapheresis (prep for surgery or for crisis)
What are risk factors for seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -· Age over 60
· Socially disadvantaged
· Males
· Hx. Alzheimer's disease
· Hx. Stroke
· Parent with epilepsy
What is the prodromal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Signs or activity
that precedes a seizure
What is the aural phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sensory warning
preceding a seizure
What is the ictal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Full seizure
What is the postictal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Recovery after the
seizure
What is a Tonic-Clonic Seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Loss of consciousness & falling to
ground
- Stiffening of body (tonic phase)
- Jerking of extremities (clonic phase)
What is an Atypical Absence Seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER -· Staring spell
· Peculiar behavior during the seizure
· Confusion after seizure common
· Not aware of seizure activity
, · Can be missed/interpreted as inattention
What is status epilepticus? - CORRECT ANSWER -· State of continuous seizure activity
· Neurologic emergency
What are nursing considerations when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER --Detailed
assessment of observed seizures
-Safety and Maintaining patent airway
· Ease pt to floor if standing or sitting
· Protect head from injury, but do not hold
· Do NOT place objects in pt mouth
· Seizure pads and full side rails
· After seizure: turn to side, oxygen, suctioning prn, low stimuli environment
What are some causes of fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER --Fluid loss ; GI loss,
diuretics, DI, burns, hemorrhage
-Inadequate fluid intake
What signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Rapid weight loss
- Thirst, dry mucous membranes
- Bad kin turgor, poor cap refill
- Postural hypotension, increased HR, increased RR
- Decreased UO (<30mL/hr)
- Concentrated urine
What is the treatment for fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER -- replace fluid &
electrolytes if needed
- LR or NS IVF
- fall precautions & bed alarm if neuro symptoms/hypotension present
and CORRECT Answers
What are some common medications for Alzheimer's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased
Memory & Cognition
o Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne), N-
menthyl-D-aspirate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, Memantine (Namenda))
Depression
o SSRIs (Zoloft, Celexa, Prozac), Tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil, Pamelor)
Behavioral problems
o Antipsychotics - Haldol, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Abilify
o Benzodiazepines - Ativan, Restoril
Sleep Disturbances
o Zolpidem (Ambien)
What is the patho of Parkinson's Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Chronic, progressive
neurodegenerative disorder
- Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons
What is the Parkinson's Triad? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Bradykinesia - Slowness in initiation &
execution of movement
2. Rigidity - Increased muscle tone, resistance to passive movement, jerky, slow movement
3. Tremor at rest - Starts in upper arm/hand, pill rolling, can involve head - twitching side to side
How is Parkinson's diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -o Made with 2/3 characteristic signs in the
triad
o Confirmed with improvement upon starting Parkinson's meds
What is the first line drug choice for Parkinson's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Levodopa with
carbidopa (Sinemet)
,What are some nursing considerations for Parkinson's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -o Fall risk
o Assistive devices
o Assistance with eating
o Dysphagia diet
o PT referral
o Home modifications
What are the clinical manifestations of MG? - CORRECT ANSWER --Fluctuating weakness of
skeletal muscles
-Muscles most often effected:
eyes & eye lids, chewing, swallowing, speaking & breathing
-Muscle weakness/fatigue progresses as day goes on
What is the patho of Myasthenia Gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER --Chronic progressive
autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction
-Weakness of voluntary muscles
-Decreased amount of acetylcholine available at the neuromuscular junction
How is Myasthenia Gravis (MG) diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER --H & P
-EMG
-Tensilon test
What is a Myasthenic Crisis? - CORRECT ANSWER --Acute exacerbation of muscle weakness
- Can impair swallowing & breathing, aspiration, respiratory insufficiency & respiratory infection
How is MG managed? - CORRECT ANSWER --Meds; Anticholinesterase agents, corticosteroids,
immunosuppressive agents
-Surgery - thymectomy (removal of thymus gland)
,-Plasmapheresis (prep for surgery or for crisis)
What are risk factors for seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -· Age over 60
· Socially disadvantaged
· Males
· Hx. Alzheimer's disease
· Hx. Stroke
· Parent with epilepsy
What is the prodromal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Signs or activity
that precedes a seizure
What is the aural phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sensory warning
preceding a seizure
What is the ictal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Full seizure
What is the postictal phase when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER -Recovery after the
seizure
What is a Tonic-Clonic Seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Loss of consciousness & falling to
ground
- Stiffening of body (tonic phase)
- Jerking of extremities (clonic phase)
What is an Atypical Absence Seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER -· Staring spell
· Peculiar behavior during the seizure
· Confusion after seizure common
· Not aware of seizure activity
, · Can be missed/interpreted as inattention
What is status epilepticus? - CORRECT ANSWER -· State of continuous seizure activity
· Neurologic emergency
What are nursing considerations when it comes to seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER --Detailed
assessment of observed seizures
-Safety and Maintaining patent airway
· Ease pt to floor if standing or sitting
· Protect head from injury, but do not hold
· Do NOT place objects in pt mouth
· Seizure pads and full side rails
· After seizure: turn to side, oxygen, suctioning prn, low stimuli environment
What are some causes of fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER --Fluid loss ; GI loss,
diuretics, DI, burns, hemorrhage
-Inadequate fluid intake
What signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Rapid weight loss
- Thirst, dry mucous membranes
- Bad kin turgor, poor cap refill
- Postural hypotension, increased HR, increased RR
- Decreased UO (<30mL/hr)
- Concentrated urine
What is the treatment for fluid volume deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER -- replace fluid &
electrolytes if needed
- LR or NS IVF
- fall precautions & bed alarm if neuro symptoms/hypotension present
