NUR 132 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3 Laboratory tests used to diagnose a patient Cholesterol panel (HDL,LDL, Triglycerides), GTT, HgBA1C, Finger sticks
w/diabetes
A1C test For diabetes by checking sugar on red blood cells to get an average glucose
level over several months.
Below 6 is controlled
Over 6.5 we got to revise (review diet and exercise compliance w/type 2 and
insulin compliance w/type 1)
Hyperglycemia (S&S and causes) (BS 115 or more) High blood sugar
Blood sugar over 115 and HgBA1C 6.5+ (Just think... the blood is turned to "mud"
so, the body tries to get rid of all this thick syrup w/the 3 P's)
3Ps:
PolyUria- Too much Urine
PolyDypsia- Too much Drink (excessive thirst)
PolyPhagia- Too many Plates (excessive hunger)
Causes (4s'): Acute
Sepsis (infection is the #1 cause)
Stress (Surgery, hospital stay)
Skip insulin
Steroids (predniSONE)
Can also be caused by hormone therapy such as estrogen therapy.
Causes: Chronic
HgBA1C (6.5+)
Diet simple sugar
(White bread, soda, candy, NO fiber)
Treatment = insulin
, Nursing management of hyperglycemia -IV Fluid replacement
-Electrolyte replacement
-Insulin therapy
-Monitor Blood sugar
Sick day planning -Manage blood sugar (have simple carbs handy)
-Watch for signs of DKA
-Test Blood glucose frequently
-Create a sick day kit (glucose strips, glucose tabs, glucometer, etc)
DKA A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids
(ketones).
This condition occurs when there isn't enough insulin in the body. It can be
triggered by infection or other illness.
Warning signs:
-High blood glucose
-High ketones
-Thirst or dry mouth
-Frequent urination
-Drowsiness
-Dry or flushed skin
-Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
-Difficulty breathing: Kussmal's repirations (deep rapid breathing)
-Fruity odor on breath
-Confusion
Hypoglycemia (S&S and causes) (BS 70 or less) Abnormally low level of sugar in the blood.
Most deadly (can cause brain death) "Hypogly brain will die"
S&S:
-Cool
-Pale (pallor)
-Sweaty (diaphoretic, clammy)
-Nervous (anxious, trembling)
We need to give this patient some sugary candy!
H: Headache
I: Irritable
W: Weakness
A: Anxious & Trembling
S: Sweaty (diaphoresis)
H: Hungry
Causes:
-Exercise
-Alcohol
-Insulin PEAK times (Plate of food)
Kind of like a snickers commercial... You're not you when you're hungry!
Nursing management of Hypoglycemia A: Awake
A: Ask patient to eat ( juice, soda, crackers, low fat milk)
NO high fat milk or peanut butter! fat slows down sugar absorption.
S: Sleep (Not alert- only awakened by painful stimuli)
S: Stab patient w/IV D50 (Dextrose IV) (Reassess blood sugar Q15min after
administration
CORRECT Answers
3 Laboratory tests used to diagnose a patient Cholesterol panel (HDL,LDL, Triglycerides), GTT, HgBA1C, Finger sticks
w/diabetes
A1C test For diabetes by checking sugar on red blood cells to get an average glucose
level over several months.
Below 6 is controlled
Over 6.5 we got to revise (review diet and exercise compliance w/type 2 and
insulin compliance w/type 1)
Hyperglycemia (S&S and causes) (BS 115 or more) High blood sugar
Blood sugar over 115 and HgBA1C 6.5+ (Just think... the blood is turned to "mud"
so, the body tries to get rid of all this thick syrup w/the 3 P's)
3Ps:
PolyUria- Too much Urine
PolyDypsia- Too much Drink (excessive thirst)
PolyPhagia- Too many Plates (excessive hunger)
Causes (4s'): Acute
Sepsis (infection is the #1 cause)
Stress (Surgery, hospital stay)
Skip insulin
Steroids (predniSONE)
Can also be caused by hormone therapy such as estrogen therapy.
Causes: Chronic
HgBA1C (6.5+)
Diet simple sugar
(White bread, soda, candy, NO fiber)
Treatment = insulin
, Nursing management of hyperglycemia -IV Fluid replacement
-Electrolyte replacement
-Insulin therapy
-Monitor Blood sugar
Sick day planning -Manage blood sugar (have simple carbs handy)
-Watch for signs of DKA
-Test Blood glucose frequently
-Create a sick day kit (glucose strips, glucose tabs, glucometer, etc)
DKA A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids
(ketones).
This condition occurs when there isn't enough insulin in the body. It can be
triggered by infection or other illness.
Warning signs:
-High blood glucose
-High ketones
-Thirst or dry mouth
-Frequent urination
-Drowsiness
-Dry or flushed skin
-Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
-Difficulty breathing: Kussmal's repirations (deep rapid breathing)
-Fruity odor on breath
-Confusion
Hypoglycemia (S&S and causes) (BS 70 or less) Abnormally low level of sugar in the blood.
Most deadly (can cause brain death) "Hypogly brain will die"
S&S:
-Cool
-Pale (pallor)
-Sweaty (diaphoretic, clammy)
-Nervous (anxious, trembling)
We need to give this patient some sugary candy!
H: Headache
I: Irritable
W: Weakness
A: Anxious & Trembling
S: Sweaty (diaphoresis)
H: Hungry
Causes:
-Exercise
-Alcohol
-Insulin PEAK times (Plate of food)
Kind of like a snickers commercial... You're not you when you're hungry!
Nursing management of Hypoglycemia A: Awake
A: Ask patient to eat ( juice, soda, crackers, low fat milk)
NO high fat milk or peanut butter! fat slows down sugar absorption.
S: Sleep (Not alert- only awakened by painful stimuli)
S: Stab patient w/IV D50 (Dextrose IV) (Reassess blood sugar Q15min after
administration
