4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
780 cards by geffmwaura155
Nutrition and Energy
Long Term Learning
Spaced Repetition
Today task
New: 20 To review: 0
Fast learning
Repeat this set of flashcards
what are the 3 main purposes of energy
from food?
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Test
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Show all Review
what are the 3 main purposes of energy from food?
Basal bodily activities, e.g. heart beatTo cover expenditure of energy in simple daily activities, e.g. sittingFor work activities, the
amount of energy needed depends upon occupation.
what are the essential components of diet?
Carbohydrate (CHO)ProteinFat (lipid)WaterVitamins – A, D, E, K, B complex, CMinerals – μg -> g/day
what is the Recommended max. adult daily intake?
Males→ 2500kcal Females→ 2000kcal
what is the current recommendation for protein, fats, CHO, fibre?
P = 10%F= <35%CHO = 50%FIBRE = 30g
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 1/72
,4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
what are proteins? how many are there? what kinds?
Chains of amino acids 20 AA8/9 are essential
why does the body need amino acids?
manufacture proteins for tissue lossto build new tissue during pregnancyto synthesise enzymes and hormones.
what does Nutritional or biological value of a protein in the diet depends on ?
nature and proportion of amino acids
what can amino acids be readily synthesised by?
ammonia and simple carbon compounds.
which amino acids cant be synthesised by the body? what are they?
Essential Amino Acids - TVTILLPMtrpytophan, valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylanine methionine
what essential amino acid is in children?
histidine
give examples of non-essential amino acids that can be manufactured by the body?
alanine, aspartic acid, citrulline, cystine, glutamic acid,
what is the nutrional value of animal and plant proteins and why?
animal protein is complete in proteins as they have all essential amino acids plant peoteins are partial proteins as they are deficient in
1 or more essential AA
What is Kwashiorkor (& Marasmus) disease? give an e.g.
severe protein deficiency or protein lacks essential AA e.g. maize lacks trpytophan
what are symptoms of protein defiency?
mentally depressedloses weight oedematous because the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma falls as albumin formation by liver
In protein defiency why can patients lose nitrogen in the body?
increased secretion of the adrenocortical hormones.
what is Protein balance often expressed
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 2/72
,4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
nitrogen balance
what do dietary fats consist of?
triglycerides (TG), which are triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.
what fatty acids can you have?
saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated
what are 2 families of polyunsaturated FA's?
omega-6 from linoleic acid & omega-3 from α-linolenic acid.
what are veggie and animal fats like at room temp?
Vegetable fats more unsaturated so liquidanimal fats are solids
what disease can dietary fats contribute to?
coronary heart disease (CHD)
Why is fat important in diet?
high energy valueit is vehicle for the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K)essential fatty acids (unsaturated not synthesised by tissues),
linoleic acid (omega-6), linolenic acid (omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid.
Where can Essential fatty acid deficiency be found in ?
severe malabsorption after intestinal surgeryIn lower animals, scaling and exudative skin lesions appear when these unsaturated fatty
acids are totally absent from the diet
what is linoleic acid useful to produce?
prostaglandins
what type of fatty acids are good for the heart? what does it prevent?
ω-3 FAs , to reduce blood TG levels, reduce risk of fatal heart attacks
where can CHO be obtained from?
cereals & pulses, in form of plant starch (polysaccharide)sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides from milk, fruits, table sugar
what is CHO mainly used for?
energy sourcesskeletons for synthesising other compounds (non essen AA)prevent ketosis (excess metabolism of fats)As a protein
sparer - carbohydrate is metabolised in preference to metabolism of protein to preserve functional proteins of cell
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 3/72
, 4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
what is fibre?
complex carbohydrates, which are not completely digested by human digestive enzymes e.g. waxes, lignin, cellulose
what can a fibre-depleted diet and use of refined foods cause?
intestinal malfunction and colonic carcinoma.
what is insoluble fibre?
general term for non-digested plant cell wall material
what does insoluble fibre do?
'bulks' intestinal contents, stimulating peristalsis by distension and decreasing transit time of faecal material through the large
intestine
why is insoluble fibre good for you?
prevents constipation, reduces risk of bowel cancers & diverticulitis
what type of fibre is good for CV disease and where can it be found? what does it do?
Soluble or viscous fibre comes from fruit, vegetables and pulseslowers blood cholesterol and may protect against cardiovascular
disease. Helps with control of blood glucose
what can form in the absence of vitamins?
biochemical breakdowns or 'lesions' develop
what do minerals act as? give examples?
act as catalysts in association with enzymes e.g Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
give examples of trace minerals?
copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt
how much of body weight can be lost without permenant damage?
25%
why is rapid weight loss dangerous?
disturbances in electrolyte balances (Na, K, Cl)
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 4/72
780 cards by geffmwaura155
Nutrition and Energy
Long Term Learning
Spaced Repetition
Today task
New: 20 To review: 0
Fast learning
Repeat this set of flashcards
what are the 3 main purposes of energy
from food?
Preview Match
Test
Spell
Show all Review
what are the 3 main purposes of energy from food?
Basal bodily activities, e.g. heart beatTo cover expenditure of energy in simple daily activities, e.g. sittingFor work activities, the
amount of energy needed depends upon occupation.
what are the essential components of diet?
Carbohydrate (CHO)ProteinFat (lipid)WaterVitamins – A, D, E, K, B complex, CMinerals – μg -> g/day
what is the Recommended max. adult daily intake?
Males→ 2500kcal Females→ 2000kcal
what is the current recommendation for protein, fats, CHO, fibre?
P = 10%F= <35%CHO = 50%FIBRE = 30g
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 1/72
,4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
what are proteins? how many are there? what kinds?
Chains of amino acids 20 AA8/9 are essential
why does the body need amino acids?
manufacture proteins for tissue lossto build new tissue during pregnancyto synthesise enzymes and hormones.
what does Nutritional or biological value of a protein in the diet depends on ?
nature and proportion of amino acids
what can amino acids be readily synthesised by?
ammonia and simple carbon compounds.
which amino acids cant be synthesised by the body? what are they?
Essential Amino Acids - TVTILLPMtrpytophan, valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylanine methionine
what essential amino acid is in children?
histidine
give examples of non-essential amino acids that can be manufactured by the body?
alanine, aspartic acid, citrulline, cystine, glutamic acid,
what is the nutrional value of animal and plant proteins and why?
animal protein is complete in proteins as they have all essential amino acids plant peoteins are partial proteins as they are deficient in
1 or more essential AA
What is Kwashiorkor (& Marasmus) disease? give an e.g.
severe protein deficiency or protein lacks essential AA e.g. maize lacks trpytophan
what are symptoms of protein defiency?
mentally depressedloses weight oedematous because the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma falls as albumin formation by liver
In protein defiency why can patients lose nitrogen in the body?
increased secretion of the adrenocortical hormones.
what is Protein balance often expressed
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 2/72
,4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
nitrogen balance
what do dietary fats consist of?
triglycerides (TG), which are triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.
what fatty acids can you have?
saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated
what are 2 families of polyunsaturated FA's?
omega-6 from linoleic acid & omega-3 from α-linolenic acid.
what are veggie and animal fats like at room temp?
Vegetable fats more unsaturated so liquidanimal fats are solids
what disease can dietary fats contribute to?
coronary heart disease (CHD)
Why is fat important in diet?
high energy valueit is vehicle for the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K)essential fatty acids (unsaturated not synthesised by tissues),
linoleic acid (omega-6), linolenic acid (omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid.
Where can Essential fatty acid deficiency be found in ?
severe malabsorption after intestinal surgeryIn lower animals, scaling and exudative skin lesions appear when these unsaturated fatty
acids are totally absent from the diet
what is linoleic acid useful to produce?
prostaglandins
what type of fatty acids are good for the heart? what does it prevent?
ω-3 FAs , to reduce blood TG levels, reduce risk of fatal heart attacks
where can CHO be obtained from?
cereals & pulses, in form of plant starch (polysaccharide)sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides from milk, fruits, table sugar
what is CHO mainly used for?
energy sourcesskeletons for synthesising other compounds (non essen AA)prevent ketosis (excess metabolism of fats)As a protein
sparer - carbohydrate is metabolised in preference to metabolism of protein to preserve functional proteins of cell
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 3/72
, 4/27/26, 10:04 PM Nutrition and Energy Test and Flashcards
what is fibre?
complex carbohydrates, which are not completely digested by human digestive enzymes e.g. waxes, lignin, cellulose
what can a fibre-depleted diet and use of refined foods cause?
intestinal malfunction and colonic carcinoma.
what is insoluble fibre?
general term for non-digested plant cell wall material
what does insoluble fibre do?
'bulks' intestinal contents, stimulating peristalsis by distension and decreasing transit time of faecal material through the large
intestine
why is insoluble fibre good for you?
prevents constipation, reduces risk of bowel cancers & diverticulitis
what type of fibre is good for CV disease and where can it be found? what does it do?
Soluble or viscous fibre comes from fruit, vegetables and pulseslowers blood cholesterol and may protect against cardiovascular
disease. Helps with control of blood glucose
what can form in the absence of vitamins?
biochemical breakdowns or 'lesions' develop
what do minerals act as? give examples?
act as catalysts in association with enzymes e.g Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
give examples of trace minerals?
copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt
how much of body weight can be lost without permenant damage?
25%
why is rapid weight loss dangerous?
disturbances in electrolyte balances (Na, K, Cl)
https://studylib.net/flashcards/set/nutrition-and-energy_355576# 4/72
