NSG 3280 Pathophysiology for Nurses I – Exam 1
Review Units 1 & 2 Practice Questions with Verified
Detailed Answers
Introduction:
This document contains a comprehensive set of practice questions
and verified detailed answers covering key concepts from Units 1
and 2 of Pathophysiology for Nurses I. It includes foundational
topics such as disease processes, cellular injury, stress responses,
and glucose metabolism, along with definitions and clinical
applications.
The material is structured in a Q&A format, making it ideal for
exam preparation and reinforcing critical nursing concepts. It
aligns closely with exam content and provides clear, concise
explanations for effective revision.
Exam Questions and Answers
ACTH --- correct precise answer ---Adrenocorticotropic hormone
released by the anterior pituitary in response to stress.
Catecholamines --- correct precise answer ---Hormones like
epinephrine and norepinephrine that mediate the fight-or-flight
response.
Cortisol --- correct precise answer ---A corticosteroid that
promotes gluconeogenesis and has glucocorticoid effects.
,Aldosterone --- correct precise answer ---A mineralocorticoid that
promotes sodium and water reabsorption, raising blood pressure.
Endogenous opioids --- correct precise answer ---Natural pain
control mechanisms in the body.
Cytokines --- correct precise answer ---Immune signaling molecules
produced by macrophages, such as interleukins and interferons.
Pathophysiology --- correct precise answer ---The mechanism and
progression of a disease from cause to symptoms.
Sign --- correct precise answer ---An objective, observable finding,
such as vomiting or elevated blood pressure.
Symptom --- correct precise answer ---A subjective patient-
reported experience, such as pain or nausea.
Syndrome --- correct precise answer ---A cluster of signs and
symptoms without an identified cause.
Latent (Incubation) Period --- correct precise answer ---The time
between exposure to a disease and the potential onset of symptoms.
,Reversible Cell Injury --- correct precise answer ---A mild, short-
lived injury where cells can return to normal function.
Necrosis --- correct precise answer ---Uncontrolled cell death
characterized by cell rupture, release of contents, and
inflammation.
Apoptosis --- correct precise answer ---Programmed cell death that
occurs without inflammation.
Ischemia --- correct precise answer ---Loss of blood flow to tissue,
the most common cause of cell injury.
Hypoxia --- correct precise answer ---Insufficient oxygen delivery
to cells.
Gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Extensive tissue death in a
limb or large body region due to lack of blood supply.
Dry gangrene --- correct precise answer ---A form of coagulative
necrosis common in extremities, characterized by pale, cold, and
black tissue.
, Wet gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Similar to liquefactive
necrosis, often associated with bacterial infection and poor blood
supply.
Gas gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Caused by anaerobic
bacterial infection, leading to gas formation in tissue.
Coping strategies --- correct precise answer ---Influence whether
adaptation restores functionality and can affect allostatic load.
Allostatic load --- correct precise answer ---Cumulative
physiological wear from chronic stress that can lead to disease.
Reperfusion --- correct precise answer ---Restoration of blood flow
that can cause calcium overload and inflammation.
Cellular Energy Failure --- correct precise answer ---Occurs when
oxygen is lacking, stopping ATP production, leading to ion
imbalances.
ATP Depletion --- correct precise answer ---Loss of cellular energy
that disables the Na+/K+ pump, causing intracellular sodium and
calcium accumulation.
Review Units 1 & 2 Practice Questions with Verified
Detailed Answers
Introduction:
This document contains a comprehensive set of practice questions
and verified detailed answers covering key concepts from Units 1
and 2 of Pathophysiology for Nurses I. It includes foundational
topics such as disease processes, cellular injury, stress responses,
and glucose metabolism, along with definitions and clinical
applications.
The material is structured in a Q&A format, making it ideal for
exam preparation and reinforcing critical nursing concepts. It
aligns closely with exam content and provides clear, concise
explanations for effective revision.
Exam Questions and Answers
ACTH --- correct precise answer ---Adrenocorticotropic hormone
released by the anterior pituitary in response to stress.
Catecholamines --- correct precise answer ---Hormones like
epinephrine and norepinephrine that mediate the fight-or-flight
response.
Cortisol --- correct precise answer ---A corticosteroid that
promotes gluconeogenesis and has glucocorticoid effects.
,Aldosterone --- correct precise answer ---A mineralocorticoid that
promotes sodium and water reabsorption, raising blood pressure.
Endogenous opioids --- correct precise answer ---Natural pain
control mechanisms in the body.
Cytokines --- correct precise answer ---Immune signaling molecules
produced by macrophages, such as interleukins and interferons.
Pathophysiology --- correct precise answer ---The mechanism and
progression of a disease from cause to symptoms.
Sign --- correct precise answer ---An objective, observable finding,
such as vomiting or elevated blood pressure.
Symptom --- correct precise answer ---A subjective patient-
reported experience, such as pain or nausea.
Syndrome --- correct precise answer ---A cluster of signs and
symptoms without an identified cause.
Latent (Incubation) Period --- correct precise answer ---The time
between exposure to a disease and the potential onset of symptoms.
,Reversible Cell Injury --- correct precise answer ---A mild, short-
lived injury where cells can return to normal function.
Necrosis --- correct precise answer ---Uncontrolled cell death
characterized by cell rupture, release of contents, and
inflammation.
Apoptosis --- correct precise answer ---Programmed cell death that
occurs without inflammation.
Ischemia --- correct precise answer ---Loss of blood flow to tissue,
the most common cause of cell injury.
Hypoxia --- correct precise answer ---Insufficient oxygen delivery
to cells.
Gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Extensive tissue death in a
limb or large body region due to lack of blood supply.
Dry gangrene --- correct precise answer ---A form of coagulative
necrosis common in extremities, characterized by pale, cold, and
black tissue.
, Wet gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Similar to liquefactive
necrosis, often associated with bacterial infection and poor blood
supply.
Gas gangrene --- correct precise answer ---Caused by anaerobic
bacterial infection, leading to gas formation in tissue.
Coping strategies --- correct precise answer ---Influence whether
adaptation restores functionality and can affect allostatic load.
Allostatic load --- correct precise answer ---Cumulative
physiological wear from chronic stress that can lead to disease.
Reperfusion --- correct precise answer ---Restoration of blood flow
that can cause calcium overload and inflammation.
Cellular Energy Failure --- correct precise answer ---Occurs when
oxygen is lacking, stopping ATP production, leading to ion
imbalances.
ATP Depletion --- correct precise answer ---Loss of cellular energy
that disables the Na+/K+ pump, causing intracellular sodium and
calcium accumulation.
