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NURSING 108 Midterm Exam : Fully Solved – Community Health Nursing, Health Promotion, Ethics, & Policy – Verified Q&A with Rationales

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Pass your NURSING 108 Midterm Exam for the academic year with this complete, fully solved study guide. This document contains real exam-style questions and verified answers with detailed rationales, covering all core concepts tested in introductory community health nursing and professional practice courses. What’s Included – Complete Content Coverage: Community Health Nursing Roles: Public health nurse vs. home health/clinic nurse, history of community health nursing (TB patients 1905, children's hygiene/nutrition). Canadian Health Care System History: British North American Act (1867), Medical Care Insurance Act (1968), Saskatchewan's universal health care (1947), federal vs. provincial responsibilities, LIHNs (Local Integrated Health Networks), Health Accord 2014. Critical Thinking & Nursing Process: Definition, importance (patient safety, satisfaction), 7 critical thinking skills (precise language, perceiving, clarifying, comparing, judging, reasoning), 5 ways of acquiring nursing knowledge (tradition, authority, trial and error, personal experience, role modeling). Nursing Problem-Solving Process (ANPIE): Assessment (subjective/objective data, primary/secondary sources, comprehensive vs. focused assessment, methods: interview, observation, physical examination), Nursing Diagnosis (problem statement, individualized care), Planning (SMART goals), Implementation, Evaluation, SOAP documentation. Health & Health Promotion Discourses: Medical model (absence of disease), systems view (interrelated well-being), social determinants of health (education, income, housing, stress). Historical shifts: Lalonde Report (1974 – human biology, lifestyle, environment, healthcare systems), Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986 – 5 strategies), Epp Report "Achieving Health for All" (1984/86 – reducing inequities, increasing prevention, enhancing coping), Population Health (1994), CNA (1995), Healthy Productive Canada (2009). Health Promotion Approaches: Biomedical (screening, immunizations), behavioural/lifestyle (health education, behaviour modification), socio-environmental (Ottawa Charter strategies, empowerment, "looking upstream"). Toronto Charter 2002 social determinants, 4 predictors of individual health (poverty, income, residence, education). WHO's 5 key principles of health promotion. Primary Health Care vs. Primary Care: PHC principles (accessibility, health promotion, public participation, intersectoral collaboration, appropriate resource use), PHC values (social justice, equity). WHO 2008 report, 5 requirements for federal health funding (public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, accessibility). Epidemiology: Goals, history (Hippocrates, John Graunt, William Farr, John Snow – cholera, Florence Nightingale), host-agent-environment triad, modes of transmission (direct, indirect), web of causation. Incidence rate, prevalence rate, morbidity, mortality (crude, specific, proportionate, potential years of life lost, infant mortality). Analytic study designs (case-control, prospective cohort, retrospective cohort). Global Health & Social Justice: United Nations Health for All (2000), global health framework (6 points), social justice, equity, postcolonial feminism, globalization, climate change impact on health (heat stroke, malaria, respiratory complications). Culture & Diversity: Culture, ethnocentrism, cultural diversity, multiculturalism, ethnicity, marginalization, cultural safety, cultural competence, culturally-sensitive care (4 elements: self-reflection, cultural knowledge, client choice, communication; barriers: lack of experience, fear). Community Health Nurses Association of Canada competencies. Evidence-Based Practice: Nursing knowledge, systematic reviews (meta-analysis, meta-synthesis), clinical practice guidelines, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Queen's University membership (2003 – first in North America). Quality & Patient Safety: Quality domains (safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, efficiency, timeliness, equitable), Bill 46 (Excellent Care for All), errors (commission vs. omission, latent conditions, active failures), systems thinking, positive work environment, normalizing deviance. Institute of Medicine's 6 aims, Canadian Adverse Events Study. Health Education & Teaching: Purpose (wellness promotion, disease prevention, restoration, coping), 3 domains of learning (cognitive – knowledge, affective – values, psychomotor – skills), Bloom's taxonomy, andragogy (adult learning principles), factors affecting ability/readiness to learn, developing learning/teaching plans using ANPIE, SMART goals. Ethics & Legal Responsibilities: Consent (Health Care Consent Act, Substitute Decisions Act), valid consent requirements (specific, informed, voluntary, capable), capacity, ethical principles (autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, fidelity, justice), CNA Code of Ethics, process for ethical decision-making. Canadian Legal System: English Common Law vs. French Civil Law, sources of law, 3 branches of government (judicial, executive, legislative), civil law vs. criminal law, self-regulation of nursing profession. Patient Safety Incidents: Harmful incident, no harm incident, near miss incident, disclosure requirements (apology, avoid speculation, support). Politics & Policy in Nursing: Definition of politics, political power to improve patient care, Debra Bournes (Provincial CNO), policy, examples of nursing political action (Jeanne Mance, Marguerite d'Youville, CNA, student nurse protests), ways to get involved politically. Perfect for first-year nursing students, NURS 108 midterm preparation, community health nursing courses, Canadian nursing programs, and NCLEX-RN foundational concepts.

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NURSING 108: Community Health Nursing
Vak
NURSING 108: Community Health Nursing

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

1|Page




NURSING 108 MIDTERM EXAM FULLY SOLVED
2026-2027 | LATEST VERSION VERIFIED FOR
ACCURACY – REAL EXAM QUESTIONS +
ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT WITH
RATIONALES | ASSURED SUCCESS




what are the 2 types of community health nurses -
.....answer...1) public health nurse
2) home health nurse/clinic nurse

what do public health nurses do? -
.....answer...promote/protect the health of a specific
population or the community as a whole

what do home health/clinic nurses do? - .....answer...focus
on prevention, health restoration, health maintenance and
palliative care

what kind of patients did community health nurses first
begin to work with? - .....answer...-TB patients in 1905
-later began to work with children to promote hygiene and
nutrition

,2|Page


what is the British North American Act? (1867) -
.....answer...stated that the federal gov't funds quarantine
and marine hospitals but the provinces are in charge of
everything else. Organized health care was provided at
the local level through public welfare and charities.

what is the Medical Care Insurance Act? (1968) -
.....answer...universal insurance for hospital and medical
services

what is critical thinking? - .....answer...ability to focus
purposeful thinking to get required results in specific
situations.

why is critical thinking important to nursing? -
.....answer...it produces a positive patient/family outcome,
helps with patient safety and patient/family satisfaction

name some things that foster critical thinking -
.....answer...empathy, courage, humility, curiosity etc.

what are the 7 critical thinking skills? - .....answer...1) use
of precise language
2) perceiving; recognizing differences
3) believing and knowing; don't jump to conclusions
4) clarifying; ask questions
5) comparing; notice similarities and differences
6) judging and evaluating; providing evidence

,3|Page


7) reasoning; distinguish b/w relevant vs irrelevant info

what are the 5 ways of acquiring nursing knowledge? -
.....answer...tradition, authority, trial and error, personal
experience, and role modelling

what is the nursing problem solving process? -
.....answer...a systemic, problem solving approach to
identify, prevent and treat actual or potential health
problems and promote wellness. It's a 'thinking and doing'
approach= a way of organizing your thoughts, then
creating an action for it.

what are some benefits of the nursing problem solving
process? - .....answer...promotes collaboration, is efficient,
increases client participation, promotes individualized
care, promotes continuing care and increases job
satisfaction

what are the 5 steps of the nursing problem solving
process cycle? - .....answer...1) assessment
2) nursing diagnosis
3) planning of care
4) implementation of care
5) evaluation

, 4|Page


what is nursing assessment? - .....answer...-the first phase
of the cycle, it's the process of collecting data where the
focus is on the client, family or community health status.
-can be subjective or objective data, primary or secondary
sources, comprehensive vs focus assessment

what is subjective data? provide an example. -
.....answer...what the PATIENT/family tells you;
including their thought, beliefs, feelings and perceptions
of health
ex:patient states they are in pain

what is objective data? provide an example. -
.....answer...what YOU observe or the information
gathered based on your assessment.
ex: you find the BP to be 120/80

what is primary source? - .....answer...information by the
patient, can be subjective or objective...can be their BP
you read or them telling you they hurt

what is secondary source? - .....answer...all other sources
of information...can include other doctors, reading charts
etc.

what is comprehensive assessment? - .....answer...a way
of assessing and gathering ALL data. Have to keep an
open mind to avoid pre-diagnosing

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NURSING 108: Community Health Nursing
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NURSING 108: Community Health Nursing

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