JR101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

JR101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 T/F? Patella serves as a fulcrum for the quad muscles and provides a mechanical advantage to help the quads function more efficiently. - Answers true Top part of the patella is the _________ - Answers base How many articulations exist within the knee joint? - Answers 3 The knee joint is a modified hinge joint and what other type of joint? - Answers synovial What are the two groups of ligaments in the knee? - Answers intraarticular and extracapsular T/F? The PCL is extracapsular - Answers false T/F? The primary function of the quad muscle group is to flex the knee. - Answers false T/F? The primary function of the hamstring is the flex the knee. - Answers True The hamstring muscle group includes? - Answers -biceps femoris -semitendenosus -semimembranosus The condyle is "hypertrophic" means - Answers increased in size Describe the anatomical position. - Answers arms extended at the sides with palms facing forward The sagittal plane divides the body into? - Answers left and right Patient is laying upright on the table, how would you describe their position? - Answers supine A surgeon is examining an x-ray image that includes a patient's left and right knee joints. He/she points out a possible tumor on the distal medial femoral condyle on the right knee. He/she comments that there seems to be no pathology on the same location on the "contralateral" side. The "contralateral" side is: - Answers left (opposite) side This soft type of bone exists in the epiphyseal/metaphyseal regions of long bones - Answers cancellous "bone changes in form and function due to mechanical stresses and the force of muscular tension placed on it" - Answers Wolffs Law The flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to slide against one another is called - Answers cartilage The fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones - Answers ligaments The PCL in the knee - Answers originates on the tibia and inserts on the tibial tuberosity originates on the tibia and inserts on the patella originates on the tibia and inserts on the fibular head none of the answers are correct T/F? The two points of attachment for the MCL are the distal medial femoral condyle and the proximal fibular head - Answers false A tough band if fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension is know as - Answers tendons T/F? The point of origin of a muscle is a location where a muscle can move. - Answers false The main function of cortical bone is to provide what? - Answers strength bilateral means - Answers occurring on both sides of the body ipsilateral means - Answers occurring on same side of the body avascular necrosis means - Answers death of bone due to lack of blood flow arthritis means - Answers inflammation of the joint the largest joint in the human body is - Answers the knee joint The LCL originates at the ______ and inserts on the _____ - Answers -lateral femoral condyle -fibular head Which ligament is attached to the meniscus and is often damaged with trauma to the meniscus? - Answers MCL The medical femoral condyle is ______ and ______ curved than the lateral condyle. - Answers -larger -more curved The main blood supply to the lower leg is the - Answers popliteal artery the ACL is responsible for - Answers restraint to anterior tibial translation with respect to femur the PCL is responsible for - Answers restraint to posterior tibial translation with respect to femur the MCL is responsible for - Answers restraint to valgus angulation the LCL is responsible for - Answers restraint to varus angulation How many degrees of freedom are in the knee? - Answers 6 -A +P -M+L -I+E -F+E The mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line from - Answers the femoral head center to ankle center T/F? The anatomic axes in the lower extremity are represented by two mutually exclusive line - Answers true When we refer to the functional axes of the knee, we reference the combination of rotations around what two axes? - Answers -transepicondylar axis of the femur -longitudinal axis of the tibia The flexion extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? - Answers MCL and LCL The anatomical/clinical transepicondylar axis of the knee is an imaginary line that connects - Answers the two most prominent points of the medial and lateral epicondyles The surgical epicondylar axis is an imaginary line that connects - Answers the most prominent point on the lateral epicondyle with the medial sulcus Which distal femoral epicondyle in the knee has a sulcus? - Answers medial Whitemans line is - Answers perpendicular to the STA the posterior condylar line is - Answers marks the outer surface boundaries of the posterior distal femoral condyles in flexion Whitemans line is also known as - Answers the trochlear A/P axis Where is whitens line drawn from? - Answers a line drawn from the deepest part of the trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch T/F? A normal knee has a medial pivot - Answers true T/F? During the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate with reference to the femur as the knee extends - Answers false T/F? Since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves through the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active" motion. - Answers false T/F? As the knee joint flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and the tibia is lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia. - Answers True As the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by ligaments as well as muscles. This motion is categorized as being - Answers active Is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive? - Answers passive If one views the the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the functional flexion axis (TEA), the condyles appear _________ from 10 degrees to 120 degrees. - Answers circular The most important function of patella - Answers quad efficiency T/F? The patella decreases the lever arm of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint - Answers false T/F? The tibial tubercle is not part of the extensor mechanism - Answers false In the human knee joint, the distance (in the sagittal plane) between the quadriceps force in the knee joint and the flexion extension axis of the knee can be referred to as being a: - Answers moment arm T/F? Triathlon CS tibial inserts are available in six thicknesses. They match the six thickness options that are available for the CR tibial insert. - Answers false T/F? Triathlon TS femoral augments can be used with a Triathlon Primary PS cemented femoral component - Answers true T/F? Triathlon tibial augments are size specific and come in left medial/right lateral or right medial/left lateral configurations and can only be used with the universal baseplate - Answers true T/F? With respect to Triathlon's femoral component/tibial insert-baseplate compatibility, the size matching is one up, one down. A size #5 femur can be matched with an appropriate size #4, #5, or #6 insert/baseplate. - Answers true T/F? The only baseplate with which the Triathlon TS insert can be used is the cemented universal baseplate - Answers true T/F? With reference to Triathlon's femoral component/tibial insert compatibility, a cemented PS femoral component can be used with a TS insert (with universal baseplate). - Answers true T/F? With reference to Triathlon's femoral component/tibial insert compatibility, a TS cemented femoral component can be used with a PS tibial insert - Answers True T/F? On Triathlon primary CR/PS femoral components, the anterior dimension (from the lugs up....in the sagittal plane) increases less than or equal to 3.0mm from size #1 thru (and including) size #7. - Answers true T/F? Regardless of tray size; the peg diameter on all Triathlon Tritanium baseplates is 7mm. However, the peg lengths range in length from 7mm to 12mm depending on the size of the baseplate. - Answers true T/F? The Tritanium foam thickness on the underside of the Triathlon Tritanium baseplate is 1.75mm thick. - Answers false The distal femur and proximal tibia create the _____ of the knee joint - Answers extension gap The posterior femur and proximal tibia create the _____ of the knee joint. - Answers flexion gap The single radius design of Triathlon allows for _____ required by the quadriceps to extend the knee joint. - Answers less force The unique 7 degree anterior flange design of Triathlon is designed to provide the flexibility to _____ the femoral component while avoiding the occurrence of _____. - Answers -downsize -notching Triathlon's full periphery locking rim, locking wire, and anti-rotation island have demonstrated less _____ than other designs. - Answers micromotion T/F? The Triathlon Total Knee System offers both symmetric and asymmetric patella options. - Answers true T/F? Irradiation of UHMWPE helps generate cross-linking of the molecules within the material. - Answers true T/F? X3 is annealed at 135 degrees Celsius. - Answers false T/F? The annealing process that we use to manufacture X3 alters the mechanical strength of the material by changing the crystalline structure within the material. - Answers false The hip bone is a large bone forming the main part of the pelvis on each side of the body. The three bones that (when fused) form the hip bone, are: - Answers -illium, ischium, pubis A large foramen that is created in the skeleton when the ischial and pubic rami are joined is called the: - Answers obturator foreamen T/F? The primary function of the articular cartilage in the acetabulum is to help provide stability for the femoral head by confining the femoral head within the rim of the acetabular socket. - Answers false T/F? The outer fibrous layer of the hip capsule is another way of describing the acetabular labrum. - Answers false The skeletal combination of a right hip bone and a left hip bone forms an anatomical structure referred to as the - Answers pelvic girdle The letters "ASIS" stand for - Answers Anterior Superior Iliac Spine The lesser sciatic notch is located on what bone? - Answers ischium The most common site for a fracture in the proximal femur is - Answers femoral neck The psoas major muscle inserts on the proximal femur at the - Answers lesser troch T/F? The "fovea capitis" is a depression on the surface on the floor of the acetabular socket. - Answers false T/F? The intertrochanteric crest is located on the posterior side of the femur. - Answers true Which ligament listed below is "intracapsular"? - Answers ligamentum teres The ligaments which make up the hip capsule become taut when the hip joint is flexed - Answers false A strong connective tissue which forms an envelope around a muscle, thereby isolating and providing structural support and protection for it, is called - Answers fascia The iliotibial band originates from the iliac crest of the hip bone and inserts onto the - Answers lateral condyle of the tibia The iliotibial band connects the gluteus maximus to what muscle? - Answers tensor fasciae latae Which of the muscles listed below is not a gluteal muscle? - Answers gluteus magnus How many muscles in the hip have the term "adductor" in their description? - Answers four T/F? The sartorius muscle assists in flexing the hip and extending the knee. - Answers false T/F? The rectus femoris helps flex the hip and knee joints - Answers false The muscle description "iliopsoas" refers to the combination of what two muscles? - Answers illiacus and posts major Which muscle listed below is the dominant flexor in the thigh? - Answers illiopsoas When a Unitrax Unipolar prosthesis is utilized the amount of offset the surgeon chooses is gained from the head or the sleeve? - Answers sleeve Which hamstring muscle has two heads? - Answers biceps femoris the semitendinosus and semimembranosus assist in extending the hip and externally rotating the knee. - Answers false The short head of the biceps femoris assists in extending the hip - Answers false Damage to the medial circumflex artery could disrupt the blood supply to the - Answers The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are (usually) branches of the deep artery of the thigh. The deep artery of the thigh is also known as the - Answers profunda femoris The femoral head can be disassembled from the UHR Bipolar using an appropriately sized UHR head removal key - Answers true T/F? The foveal artery contributes to supplying blood to the femoral head - Answers true The most commonly recognized nerve in the hip/thigh region is the - Answers sciatic nerve T/F? The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is lateral to the femoral nerve. - Answers true T/F? The UHT system accommodates C-Taper or V40 Taper. - Answers true Simplex P Bone Cement is manufactured in - Answers Limerick, Ireland T/F? Simplex Bone Cement monomer and polymer/co-polymer powder (regardless of brand) are packaged in two sterile components; a sterile plastic pouch for the liquid monomer, and a sterile glass ampule for the polymer/co-polymer powder since the powder is sensitive to heat and light. - Answers false T/F? The ingredient in the monomer that initiates the chemical reaction (producing heat) that lets the bone cement mixture consolidate at room temperature is toluidine. - Answers true After combining the liquid and powder ingredients of Simplex bone cement (regardless of brand/type), the resultant chemical reaction (with reference to heat generated by the mass) creating a polymeric formation of a soft, pliable, dough-like mass is best described as being - Answers exothermic` T/F? Simplex P Bone Cement is indicated for usage on certain types of pathological bone fractures - Answers true T/F? Although its fumes are not pleasant to inhale, the monomer utilized in mixing Simplex P Bone Cement is expressly engineered to be non-flammable - Answers false The chemical process of heat being applied to a bone cement monomer and co-polymer resulting in the formation of a dough-like mass that gradually hardens is called - Answers polymerization T/F? Unexpired doses of Simplex P having different lot and/or control numbers (i.e. 2 different boxes with different lot/control numbers) can be used to prepare the material for surgical applications - Answers true T/F? When preparing a dose of Simplex P Bone Cement for surgical use, the liquid monomer component should be the initial ingredient placed in the mixing receptacle - Answers false T/F? After an implant (when utilizing Simplex P Bone Cement) has been positioned and impacted into/onto the patient's prepared bone, the excess bone cement that extrudes from the implant should not be removed until the material has completely hardened - Answers false T/F? The setting time of Simplex P Bone Cement can vary with the ambient temperature in the operating room which, by definition, does not include the temperature of the utensils, mixing and delivery equipment and the cement itself - Answers false T/F? Simplex P with Tobramycin has a different liquid (monomer) formula as Simplex P Bone Cement so that it will not compromise the medicinal effect of the antibiotic powder - Answers false How much tobramycin (in grams) is in one 40g dose of Simplex P Bone Cement with Tobramycin? - Answers 1 g T/F? Simplex P with Tobramycin is indicated for the fixation of prostheses to living bone in the first (when the implants are removed) stage of a two-stage revision arthroplasty. - Answers false How many product offerings (individual brands) are available in the Simplex family of bone cements? - Answers 5 The hip is what type of joint? - Answers ball and socket What fibrocartilaginous band increases the surface area of the acetabulum by about 10% and provides stability to the hip joint? - Answers labrum The hip joint allows for ________ amount of flexion than extension. - Answers a greater (Select all that apply) Which of the following ligaments are extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint? - Answers -Pubiofemoral ligament -Iliofemoral ligament