CRAT Updated Study Guide Questions
and Answers | Focused Revision Pack |
A+ Verified
• Pericardium . Answer: Outer protective double-layered sac surrounding the heart.
• Epicardium . Answer: Thin outermost layer of the heart, contains coronary arteries.
• Myocardium . Answer: Middle muscular layer of the heart, contains electrical system.
• Endocardium . Answer: Inner most layer of the heart, lines chambers and valves.
• Blood flow through the heart . Answer: Venules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior VC -->
Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary Artery -->
Lungs --> Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria --> Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic
Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries --> Body
• Deoxygenated blood(left side of heart) . Answer: Venules --> Veins -->
Superior/Inferior VC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve
--> Pulmonary Artery
• Oxygenated blood(right side of heart) . Answer: Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria -->
Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles -
-> Capillaries
• Atrioventricular Valves(diastole) . Answer: Valves between the atria and ventricles.
Tricuspid, Bicuspid/Mitral. Regulates blood flow IN the heart.
• Semilunar Valves(systole) . Answer: Pulmonary and Aortic valves separates Ventricles
from corresponding artery. Regulates blood flow OUT of the heart.
• sinoatrial node (SA node) . Answer: Primary pacemaker, 60-100bpm intrinsic rate
• atrioventricular node (AV) node . Answer: 2nd pacemaker, 40-60bpm intrinsic rate
• Bundle of His . Answer: normal connection between atria and ventricles
• bundle branches . Answer: Branches off the Bundle of His that conduct impulses to the
left and right ventricles
• Purkinje fibers . Answer: conduction system terminates
• Automaticity . Answer: The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical
impulses on its own.
and Answers | Focused Revision Pack |
A+ Verified
• Pericardium . Answer: Outer protective double-layered sac surrounding the heart.
• Epicardium . Answer: Thin outermost layer of the heart, contains coronary arteries.
• Myocardium . Answer: Middle muscular layer of the heart, contains electrical system.
• Endocardium . Answer: Inner most layer of the heart, lines chambers and valves.
• Blood flow through the heart . Answer: Venules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior VC -->
Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary Artery -->
Lungs --> Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria --> Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic
Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries --> Body
• Deoxygenated blood(left side of heart) . Answer: Venules --> Veins -->
Superior/Inferior VC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve
--> Pulmonary Artery
• Oxygenated blood(right side of heart) . Answer: Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria -->
Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles -
-> Capillaries
• Atrioventricular Valves(diastole) . Answer: Valves between the atria and ventricles.
Tricuspid, Bicuspid/Mitral. Regulates blood flow IN the heart.
• Semilunar Valves(systole) . Answer: Pulmonary and Aortic valves separates Ventricles
from corresponding artery. Regulates blood flow OUT of the heart.
• sinoatrial node (SA node) . Answer: Primary pacemaker, 60-100bpm intrinsic rate
• atrioventricular node (AV) node . Answer: 2nd pacemaker, 40-60bpm intrinsic rate
• Bundle of His . Answer: normal connection between atria and ventricles
• bundle branches . Answer: Branches off the Bundle of His that conduct impulses to the
left and right ventricles
• Purkinje fibers . Answer: conduction system terminates
• Automaticity . Answer: The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical
impulses on its own.
