CRAT Exam Questions and Answers (2026) |
Latest Test Bank with Verified Solutions |
Grade A+
• Chronotropic -✓✓heart rate
• Inotropic -✓✓force of myocardial contractility
• Dromotropic -✓✓conduction velocity through the AV node
• Systole -✓✓contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during
systole.
• Diastole -✓✓rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls
during diastole.
• Stroke Volume -✓✓the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
• Cardiac output- definition -✓✓The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
minute. (units= mL/min)
• Cardiac output- equation -✓✓(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
• Venous return -✓✓amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic
ciruclation
• Blood Pressure- definition -✓✓force exerted by the blood against the walls of the
arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
• Blood pressure- equation -✓✓(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or you could
put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
• An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. -
✓✓flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
• Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. -✓✓spastic contractions.
• Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes
an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. -✓✓atrial kick
• The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: -
✓✓Mediastinum
, • The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the -✓✓Right and left ventricles
• Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus -
✓✓The right atrium
• The right ventricle -✓✓Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation
• The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer
layer of the heart wall called the _____. -✓✓Visceral, epicardium
• When a ventricle relaxes in the normal heart, blood is prevented from flowing back into
it by -✓✓A semilunar valve
• Which of the following conditions are potentially reversible? -✓✓Myocardial ischemia
and myocardial injury
• Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart that lines its inner chambers,
valves and is continuous with the innermost layers of the arteries, veins and capillaries
of the body? -✓✓Endocardium
• Which of the following statements is CORRECT -✓✓A branch of the right coronary
artery supplies the right atrium and the right ventricle
• The main electrolytes that affect cardiac function are -✓✓Sodium, potassium, chloride,
calcium
• When an ECG machine is properly calibrated, a 1-millivolt (mV) electrical signal will
produce a deflection measuring exactly ______ tall. -✓✓Ten millimeters
• The ST segment is measured from -✓✓The end of the QRS to the beginning of the T
wave
• Where is the positive electrode placed in Lead III? -✓✓Left leg/foot
• Five large boxes, each consisting of five small boxes, represent _____ on ECG paper.
-✓✓One second
• Another term for ventricular escape rhythm -✓✓Idioventricular Rhythm (IVR)
• Agonal rhythm -✓✓IVR with HR < 20 bpm
• HR for IVR (ventricular escape rhythm) -✓✓20-40 bpm
Latest Test Bank with Verified Solutions |
Grade A+
• Chronotropic -✓✓heart rate
• Inotropic -✓✓force of myocardial contractility
• Dromotropic -✓✓conduction velocity through the AV node
• Systole -✓✓contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during
systole.
• Diastole -✓✓rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls
during diastole.
• Stroke Volume -✓✓the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
• Cardiac output- definition -✓✓The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
minute. (units= mL/min)
• Cardiac output- equation -✓✓(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
• Venous return -✓✓amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic
ciruclation
• Blood Pressure- definition -✓✓force exerted by the blood against the walls of the
arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
• Blood pressure- equation -✓✓(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or you could
put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
• An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. -
✓✓flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
• Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. -✓✓spastic contractions.
• Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes
an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. -✓✓atrial kick
• The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: -
✓✓Mediastinum
, • The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the -✓✓Right and left ventricles
• Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus -
✓✓The right atrium
• The right ventricle -✓✓Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation
• The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer
layer of the heart wall called the _____. -✓✓Visceral, epicardium
• When a ventricle relaxes in the normal heart, blood is prevented from flowing back into
it by -✓✓A semilunar valve
• Which of the following conditions are potentially reversible? -✓✓Myocardial ischemia
and myocardial injury
• Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart that lines its inner chambers,
valves and is continuous with the innermost layers of the arteries, veins and capillaries
of the body? -✓✓Endocardium
• Which of the following statements is CORRECT -✓✓A branch of the right coronary
artery supplies the right atrium and the right ventricle
• The main electrolytes that affect cardiac function are -✓✓Sodium, potassium, chloride,
calcium
• When an ECG machine is properly calibrated, a 1-millivolt (mV) electrical signal will
produce a deflection measuring exactly ______ tall. -✓✓Ten millimeters
• The ST segment is measured from -✓✓The end of the QRS to the beginning of the T
wave
• Where is the positive electrode placed in Lead III? -✓✓Left leg/foot
• Five large boxes, each consisting of five small boxes, represent _____ on ECG paper.
-✓✓One second
• Another term for ventricular escape rhythm -✓✓Idioventricular Rhythm (IVR)
• Agonal rhythm -✓✓IVR with HR < 20 bpm
• HR for IVR (ventricular escape rhythm) -✓✓20-40 bpm
