PSY 355 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Stage vs continuous change - CORRECT ANSWER Stages have theories and have qualitative
change, like steps (ex: piaget- preoperational, concrete, etc)
Continuous change is quantitative change (curved graph, percentile- height/weight)
Heredity and the environment (nature vs. nurture) - CORRECT ANSWER Temperament is
biological, but how it manifests is environment. Physical development- alcohol and cocaine can influence
it.
Active or Passive Development - CORRECT ANSWER active in cognitive learning. Mostly
interaction between caregiver and child. Children are NOT born with a blank slate
Normal (typical) and Atypical development - CORRECT ANSWER Bell curve- average and 1
Standard deviation below and above the mean.
Culture and Context - CORRECT ANSWER socioeconomic background (poverty-disadvantage)
raised differently in different cultures (p. 10-13 understand themes in chart)
1660 - CORRECT ANSWER fertility rate is approx. 9 (average number of children born to white
women). Now its around 2- medical advances, farming-need bodies
1777 - CORRECT ANSWER vermont is first state to abolish slavery
1856 - CORRECT ANSWER WI first kindergarten opens
1906-1912 - CORRECT ANSWER organizations promoting the moral and physical well-being of
children and youth are established: park and rec, girl scourts, etc.
, Ancient Greece and Rome - CORRECT ANSWER -valued as the future (esp. boys)
-regarded as property and had few rights
-infanticide and maltreatment until AD 100 (legal reforms to protect children-kill girl so you could have a
boy)
-parents required to raise all healthy male infants and at lease ONE of the female infants born to them
Medieval Europe (500 to 1300) - CORRECT ANSWER -high infant mortality rates so there was
great concern about the souls of deceased infants
-children were abandoned and left to die of exposure
-parents could sell children into servitude
-oblation: donate child to monastery
-infant asylums founded (787 to 1421)-orphanage
-parents used amulets and charms to protect infants from harm and sickness
-wealthy families abandoned children to reduce number of possible heirs until inheritance laws were
passed
The renaissance (1300-1500) - CORRECT ANSWER -abandonment continued; publicly run
founding homes
-20-40% of infants died within a year in the foundling homes
-religious reformers in europe believed that "parents had a duty to produce good Christian souls, along
with good healthy human beings of limitless potential
-ideal child was pious, disciplines, obedient and teachable
Colonial America (1600-1800s) - CORRECT ANSWER -infants conceived in sin-prenatal care was
physical and spiritual
-double death rate for young black children
-before age 5/6 children regarded as creatures that were under control of animal impulses
-greater concerns for child welfare
-pious parents had 2 tasks; instruction and discipline
-devoted and loved their children (baptized within 1-2 weeks of birth)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Stage vs continuous change - CORRECT ANSWER Stages have theories and have qualitative
change, like steps (ex: piaget- preoperational, concrete, etc)
Continuous change is quantitative change (curved graph, percentile- height/weight)
Heredity and the environment (nature vs. nurture) - CORRECT ANSWER Temperament is
biological, but how it manifests is environment. Physical development- alcohol and cocaine can influence
it.
Active or Passive Development - CORRECT ANSWER active in cognitive learning. Mostly
interaction between caregiver and child. Children are NOT born with a blank slate
Normal (typical) and Atypical development - CORRECT ANSWER Bell curve- average and 1
Standard deviation below and above the mean.
Culture and Context - CORRECT ANSWER socioeconomic background (poverty-disadvantage)
raised differently in different cultures (p. 10-13 understand themes in chart)
1660 - CORRECT ANSWER fertility rate is approx. 9 (average number of children born to white
women). Now its around 2- medical advances, farming-need bodies
1777 - CORRECT ANSWER vermont is first state to abolish slavery
1856 - CORRECT ANSWER WI first kindergarten opens
1906-1912 - CORRECT ANSWER organizations promoting the moral and physical well-being of
children and youth are established: park and rec, girl scourts, etc.
, Ancient Greece and Rome - CORRECT ANSWER -valued as the future (esp. boys)
-regarded as property and had few rights
-infanticide and maltreatment until AD 100 (legal reforms to protect children-kill girl so you could have a
boy)
-parents required to raise all healthy male infants and at lease ONE of the female infants born to them
Medieval Europe (500 to 1300) - CORRECT ANSWER -high infant mortality rates so there was
great concern about the souls of deceased infants
-children were abandoned and left to die of exposure
-parents could sell children into servitude
-oblation: donate child to monastery
-infant asylums founded (787 to 1421)-orphanage
-parents used amulets and charms to protect infants from harm and sickness
-wealthy families abandoned children to reduce number of possible heirs until inheritance laws were
passed
The renaissance (1300-1500) - CORRECT ANSWER -abandonment continued; publicly run
founding homes
-20-40% of infants died within a year in the foundling homes
-religious reformers in europe believed that "parents had a duty to produce good Christian souls, along
with good healthy human beings of limitless potential
-ideal child was pious, disciplines, obedient and teachable
Colonial America (1600-1800s) - CORRECT ANSWER -infants conceived in sin-prenatal care was
physical and spiritual
-double death rate for young black children
-before age 5/6 children regarded as creatures that were under control of animal impulses
-greater concerns for child welfare
-pious parents had 2 tasks; instruction and discipline
-devoted and loved their children (baptized within 1-2 weeks of birth)
