HUMAN BIOLOGY, 12TH EDITIONHuman
Biology Concepts and Current Issues
Test Bank \ Test Bank and Solutions For
Human Biology
low concentration Facilitated diffusion -
ANSWER//Uses protein channels Osmosis -
ANSWER//Water moves toward higher solute
Active transport - ANSWER//Requires ATP,
low to high Sodium-potassium pump -
ANSWER//Moves Na⁺ out, K⁺ in Nucleus -
ANSWER//Controls cell, contains DNA
Mitochondria - ANSWER//Produces ATP
Ribosome - ANSWER//Makes protein
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER//Transports
materials Golgi apparatus -
ANSWER//Packages proteins Lysosome -
ANSWER//Digests waste Fat-soluble vitamins
- ANSWER//A, D, E, K (stored) Water-soluble
vitamins - ANSWER//B, C (not stored) Calcium
- ANSWER//Bones and teeth Potassium -
ANSWER//Heart and muscle function Sodium
- ANSWER//Fluid balance Iron -
ANSWER//Oxygen transport P wave -
ANSWER//Atrial depolarization QRS complex
- ANSWER//Ventricular depolarization T wave
- ANSWER//Ventricular repolarization
Digestive pathway - ANSWER//Mouth →
,esophagus → stomach → small intestine →
large intestine → rectum → anus Amylase -
ANSWER//Breaks down carbs (mouth) Pepsin
- ANSWER//Breaks down protein (stomach)
Lipase - ANSWER//Breaks down fat (pancreas)
Liver - ANSWER//Produces bile Gallbladder -
ANSWER//Stores bile Pancreas -
ANSWER//Digestive enzymes + insulin
Homeostasis - ANSWER//Maintains body
balance Negative feedback -
ANSWER//Reverses a change ADH -
ANSWER//Increases water reabsorption
Aldosterone - ANSWER//Increases sodium
retention Erythropoietin -
ANSWER//Stimulates RBC production
Pulmonary circulation - ANSWER//Heart ↔
lungs Systemic circulation - ANSWER//Heart
↔ body SA node - ANSWER//Pacemaker of
heart AV node - ANSWER//Delays signal
Bundle of His - ANSWER//Conducts impulse
Purkinje fibers - ANSWER//Spread impulse
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER//Voluntary,
attached to bones Cardiac muscle -
ANSWER//Heart, involuntary Smooth muscle -
ANSWER//Organs, involuntary Fibrous joints -
ANSWER//No movement Cartilaginous joints -
ANSWER//Limited movement Synovial joints -
ANSWER//Freely movable Sympathetic
nervous system - ANSWER//Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system -
, ANSWER//Rest and digest Respiratory
pathway - ANSWER//Nose → pharynx →
larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs Red
blood cells - ANSWER//Carry oxygen White
blood cells - ANSWER//Fight infection
Platelets - ANSWER//Blood clotting
Intracellular fluid - ANSWER//Inside cells
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER//Outside cells
Third spacing - ANSWER//Fluid trapped in
tissues Blood flow through heart -
ANSWER//Body → RA → RV → lungs → LA
→ LV → body Essential amino acids -
ANSWER//Must be obtained from food
Nonessential amino acids - ANSWER//Made
by body Solution - ANSWER//Solute + solvent
Hypertonic - ANSWER//Cells shrink Hypotonic
- ANSWER//Cells swell Isotonic -
ANSWER//No change Cerebrum -
ANSWER//Thinking and memory Cerebellum -
ANSWER//Balance and coordination
Brainstem - ANSWER//Breathing and heart
rate Acidosis - ANSWER//Low pH Alkalosis -
ANSWER//High pH Nephron -
ANSWER//Filters blood to make urine
Glomerulus - ANSWER//Filters blood Tubules
- ANSWER//Reabsorb and secrete Mitosis -
ANSWER//Makes identical cells Meiosis -
ANSWER//Makes sex cells First line defense -
ANSWER//Skin, mucus Second line defense -
ANSWER//Inflammation, fever Third line
Biology Concepts and Current Issues
Test Bank \ Test Bank and Solutions For
Human Biology
low concentration Facilitated diffusion -
ANSWER//Uses protein channels Osmosis -
ANSWER//Water moves toward higher solute
Active transport - ANSWER//Requires ATP,
low to high Sodium-potassium pump -
ANSWER//Moves Na⁺ out, K⁺ in Nucleus -
ANSWER//Controls cell, contains DNA
Mitochondria - ANSWER//Produces ATP
Ribosome - ANSWER//Makes protein
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER//Transports
materials Golgi apparatus -
ANSWER//Packages proteins Lysosome -
ANSWER//Digests waste Fat-soluble vitamins
- ANSWER//A, D, E, K (stored) Water-soluble
vitamins - ANSWER//B, C (not stored) Calcium
- ANSWER//Bones and teeth Potassium -
ANSWER//Heart and muscle function Sodium
- ANSWER//Fluid balance Iron -
ANSWER//Oxygen transport P wave -
ANSWER//Atrial depolarization QRS complex
- ANSWER//Ventricular depolarization T wave
- ANSWER//Ventricular repolarization
Digestive pathway - ANSWER//Mouth →
,esophagus → stomach → small intestine →
large intestine → rectum → anus Amylase -
ANSWER//Breaks down carbs (mouth) Pepsin
- ANSWER//Breaks down protein (stomach)
Lipase - ANSWER//Breaks down fat (pancreas)
Liver - ANSWER//Produces bile Gallbladder -
ANSWER//Stores bile Pancreas -
ANSWER//Digestive enzymes + insulin
Homeostasis - ANSWER//Maintains body
balance Negative feedback -
ANSWER//Reverses a change ADH -
ANSWER//Increases water reabsorption
Aldosterone - ANSWER//Increases sodium
retention Erythropoietin -
ANSWER//Stimulates RBC production
Pulmonary circulation - ANSWER//Heart ↔
lungs Systemic circulation - ANSWER//Heart
↔ body SA node - ANSWER//Pacemaker of
heart AV node - ANSWER//Delays signal
Bundle of His - ANSWER//Conducts impulse
Purkinje fibers - ANSWER//Spread impulse
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER//Voluntary,
attached to bones Cardiac muscle -
ANSWER//Heart, involuntary Smooth muscle -
ANSWER//Organs, involuntary Fibrous joints -
ANSWER//No movement Cartilaginous joints -
ANSWER//Limited movement Synovial joints -
ANSWER//Freely movable Sympathetic
nervous system - ANSWER//Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system -
, ANSWER//Rest and digest Respiratory
pathway - ANSWER//Nose → pharynx →
larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs Red
blood cells - ANSWER//Carry oxygen White
blood cells - ANSWER//Fight infection
Platelets - ANSWER//Blood clotting
Intracellular fluid - ANSWER//Inside cells
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER//Outside cells
Third spacing - ANSWER//Fluid trapped in
tissues Blood flow through heart -
ANSWER//Body → RA → RV → lungs → LA
→ LV → body Essential amino acids -
ANSWER//Must be obtained from food
Nonessential amino acids - ANSWER//Made
by body Solution - ANSWER//Solute + solvent
Hypertonic - ANSWER//Cells shrink Hypotonic
- ANSWER//Cells swell Isotonic -
ANSWER//No change Cerebrum -
ANSWER//Thinking and memory Cerebellum -
ANSWER//Balance and coordination
Brainstem - ANSWER//Breathing and heart
rate Acidosis - ANSWER//Low pH Alkalosis -
ANSWER//High pH Nephron -
ANSWER//Filters blood to make urine
Glomerulus - ANSWER//Filters blood Tubules
- ANSWER//Reabsorb and secrete Mitosis -
ANSWER//Makes identical cells Meiosis -
ANSWER//Makes sex cells First line defense -
ANSWER//Skin, mucus Second line defense -
ANSWER//Inflammation, fever Third line
