DLM(ASCP) EXAM ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW
2026 UPDATE
Surcharge/Cost Plus - ANSWER - >used for reference/send out testing.
Determine cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get
appropriate price.
weight value basis - ANSWER - >each test performed is assigned a
weight based on cost of performing the test in relation to the
procedure.
patient day factor - ANSWER - >the number of patients in a hospital on
a given day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days - ANSWER - >test volume/ patient days
revenue per test - ANSWER - >gross revenue/test volume
direct costs - ANSWER - >test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost - ANSWER - >remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc.
(fixed/semi-variable)
unit costs - ANSWER - >total direct + indirect expenses
,Employment cycle - ANSWER - >covers all stages in the process of
employing staff:
1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
analyze labor costs - ANSWER - >institutional labor cost evaluation
(employment cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production
activities that generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts
are being expended and productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time - ANSWER - >specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time - ANSWER - >performing/resulting tests
post analytical time - ANSWER - >reporting and routine maintenance
total hours - ANSWER - >productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours - ANSWER - >actual worked hours includes overtime
and training
nonproductive hours - ANSWER - >compensated but not worked. sick
leave, vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) - ANSWER - >An employee who works full-
time, 40 hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours
paid/ 2080)
,171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement - ANSWER - >workload unit (WLU)/ labor
units
time studies - ANSWER - >time required for handling, testing, recording
and reporting, daily and periodic activities, maintenance and repair,
and direct technical supervision.
paid productivity - ANSWER - >tests/ number paid hours
number of tests performed per paid hour.
worked productivity - ANSWER - >tests/ number worked hours
number of tests performed per worked hour
projected salary - ANSWER - >total paid hours x average hourly rate
average hourly rate - ANSWER - >salary expense/ paid hours
supplies - ANSWER - >meet specific time and price criteria. have shelf
life of less than a year.
economic ordering quantity (EOQ) - ANSWER - >Optimum amount to
order at one time
economic ordering point (EOP) - ANSWER - >base/safety level for
reordering
(annual usage/365 days) x lead time in days
optimal reordering time (ROT) - ANSWER - >best time to reorder to take
advantage of EOQ and EOP
(EOQ/Annual Usage) x 365 days
, Payback Period - ANSWER - >the amount of time required for an
investment to generate cash flows sufficient to recover its initial cost
payback period formula - ANSWER - >cost of investment / annual net
cash flow
Average rate of return (ARR) - ANSWER - >calculates the average annual
profit of an investment project, expressed as a percentage of the initial
sum of money invested
annual depreciation - ANSWER - >(cost - salvage value) / useful life
Net Present Value (NPV) - ANSWER - >current value of an investment
taking into account impact of interest and inflation on earnings and
anticipated revenue received of a period of years.
sum of present values of each net cash flow (each year)
Initial Rate of Return (IRR) - ANSWER - >the discount rate that makes
the NPV of an investment zero.
top-down budget - ANSWER - >A process by which executive managers
(hospital administration/pathologists) create the budget, and that
budget is then pushed down through the rest of the organization.
bottom up budget - ANSWER - >A budgeting process that begins at the
lowest levels of management and filters up through the organization.
comes from managers creating their own budget for their sections
Zero-Based Budget - ANSWER - >allocates resources as if each budget
was brand new
operating budget - ANSWER - >budget for day-to-day expenses
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW
2026 UPDATE
Surcharge/Cost Plus - ANSWER - >used for reference/send out testing.
Determine cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get
appropriate price.
weight value basis - ANSWER - >each test performed is assigned a
weight based on cost of performing the test in relation to the
procedure.
patient day factor - ANSWER - >the number of patients in a hospital on
a given day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days - ANSWER - >test volume/ patient days
revenue per test - ANSWER - >gross revenue/test volume
direct costs - ANSWER - >test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost - ANSWER - >remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc.
(fixed/semi-variable)
unit costs - ANSWER - >total direct + indirect expenses
,Employment cycle - ANSWER - >covers all stages in the process of
employing staff:
1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
analyze labor costs - ANSWER - >institutional labor cost evaluation
(employment cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production
activities that generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts
are being expended and productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time - ANSWER - >specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time - ANSWER - >performing/resulting tests
post analytical time - ANSWER - >reporting and routine maintenance
total hours - ANSWER - >productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours - ANSWER - >actual worked hours includes overtime
and training
nonproductive hours - ANSWER - >compensated but not worked. sick
leave, vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) - ANSWER - >An employee who works full-
time, 40 hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours
paid/ 2080)
,171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement - ANSWER - >workload unit (WLU)/ labor
units
time studies - ANSWER - >time required for handling, testing, recording
and reporting, daily and periodic activities, maintenance and repair,
and direct technical supervision.
paid productivity - ANSWER - >tests/ number paid hours
number of tests performed per paid hour.
worked productivity - ANSWER - >tests/ number worked hours
number of tests performed per worked hour
projected salary - ANSWER - >total paid hours x average hourly rate
average hourly rate - ANSWER - >salary expense/ paid hours
supplies - ANSWER - >meet specific time and price criteria. have shelf
life of less than a year.
economic ordering quantity (EOQ) - ANSWER - >Optimum amount to
order at one time
economic ordering point (EOP) - ANSWER - >base/safety level for
reordering
(annual usage/365 days) x lead time in days
optimal reordering time (ROT) - ANSWER - >best time to reorder to take
advantage of EOQ and EOP
(EOQ/Annual Usage) x 365 days
, Payback Period - ANSWER - >the amount of time required for an
investment to generate cash flows sufficient to recover its initial cost
payback period formula - ANSWER - >cost of investment / annual net
cash flow
Average rate of return (ARR) - ANSWER - >calculates the average annual
profit of an investment project, expressed as a percentage of the initial
sum of money invested
annual depreciation - ANSWER - >(cost - salvage value) / useful life
Net Present Value (NPV) - ANSWER - >current value of an investment
taking into account impact of interest and inflation on earnings and
anticipated revenue received of a period of years.
sum of present values of each net cash flow (each year)
Initial Rate of Return (IRR) - ANSWER - >the discount rate that makes
the NPV of an investment zero.
top-down budget - ANSWER - >A process by which executive managers
(hospital administration/pathologists) create the budget, and that
budget is then pushed down through the rest of the organization.
bottom up budget - ANSWER - >A budgeting process that begins at the
lowest levels of management and filters up through the organization.
comes from managers creating their own budget for their sections
Zero-Based Budget - ANSWER - >allocates resources as if each budget
was brand new
operating budget - ANSWER - >budget for day-to-day expenses
