NBME CBSE LATEST UPDATED EXAM
2026/2027 ALL QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pneumonia - ANSWER//*Patchy* ex: Staph, Strep, Kleb,
H flu Interstitial Pneumonia - ANSWER//Alveolar walls Ex:
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella,
RSV/CMV/flu/adeno Tuberculosis - ANSWER//Th1: IFNg
--> activates Macrophage (CD14): TNF-a Lung
Harmatoma - ANSWER//hyaline cartilage, fat, SMC lined
by respiratory pneumoepithelium Pancoast syndrome -
ANSWER//*NSCLC* at lung apex (superior sulcus)
compression of *brachial plexus * --> Shoulder pain,
*Horner, * Upper edema, paraplegia Asbestos #1 cancer
- ANSWER//Bronchiogenic carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma
in situ) Asbestos change in lung - ANSWER//*pleural
thickening, calcifications* of posterolateral midlung and
diaphragm Mesothelioma - ANSWER//Asbestos
Calcifcations, spindle cells, cytokeratins, calretinin
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma is also known as -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma in situ Does
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma have a good px -
ANSWER//YES even though malignant #1 lung cancer -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma Bronchiolaveolar carcinoma
characteristics - ANSWER//*thickened* columnar cells
along alveolar walls Bronchiolaveolar carcinoma genes -
ANSWER//KRAS EGFR ALK SCC in lungs characteristics -
ANSWER//*keratin pearls* hilar mass *HyperCa* -->
,PTHrP (stones, bones, groans, psych overtones) SCLC -
ANSWER//neuroendocrine (*neural cell adhesion
molecule) HORMONES: *ACTH, ADH*, Lambert Eaton
Acute transplant rejection in lungs -
ANSWER//*perivascular* mononuclear infiltrates in
smalll bv Chronic transplant rejection in lungs -
ANSWER//*Bronchiolitis obliterans* in small airways
Gastroschisis - ANSWER//not covered by periotoneum
poor GI function Omphalocele - ANSWER//Midline
herniation *covered* by periotoneum normal GI
function **Trisomy 13/18*, CL/P Diverticulitis -
ANSWER//outpouching of *mucosa + submucosa*
**Dysphagia most diverticulitis are - ANSWER//FALSE
(pulsion, Zenker) Meckel Diverticulum - ANSWER//TRUE
= *traction* bulge at ileum Mallory Weiss -
ANSWER//Mucosal tears due to intraabdominal
pressure Boerhaave - ANSWER//*Transmural *distal
rupture due to increased intraabdominal pressure
Esophagel cancer in upper 2/3 - ANSWER//SCC
Esophageal cancer in lower 1/3 -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma Splenic vein thrombosis
causes gastric varices where - ANSWER//fundus
esophageal dysfunction can be due to enlarged -
ANSWER//left atrium GERD - what happens to LES tone -
ANSWER//DECREASED LES tone Achalasia - what
happens to LES tone - ANSWER//INCREASED LES tone
Krukenberg tumor - ANSWER//gastric cancer *signet
ring cells*: mucin displaces nucleus **spreads to ovary
Zollinger-Ellison tumor - ANSWER//Gastrin secreting
causes PUD dx: increased secretin Vipoma -
ANSWER//watery diarrhea + hypoK tx: octreotide
,Carcinoid syndrome - ANSWER//*intestinal tumor*
(*enterochromaffin) --> *5HT, Bradykinin, PGE* watery
diarrhea telangiectasis Bronchospasm **RIGHT
VALVULAR FIBROUS PLAQUES *METASTASIS* Levels
increased in Carcinoid syndrome - ANSWER//*5-HIAA*
in urine high histamine, VIP *5HT, Bradykinin, PGE*
**LOW NIACIN Tx Carcinoid syndrome -
ANSWER//*Octreotide* (somatostatin w longer t1/2)
Gastrin is from - ANSWER//G cells Gastrin causes -
ANSWER//mucosal growth H secretion from parietal
Gastrin released due to - ANSWER//Vagal (GRP)
Phenylalanine Distension Secretin is from - ANSWER//S
cells Secretin causes - ANSWER//*HCO3* = increase pH
(pancreas) *Bile* excretion Secretin is released due to -
ANSWER//low pH fatty acid Pepsin is from -
ANSWER//Chief cells Pepsin is released due to -
ANSWER//Vagal (ACh) low pH *(digest protein)* Gastric
acid is from - ANSWER//Parietal cells Gastric acid is
released due to - ANSWER//Gastrin: *CCKb-R* -->
ECL/mast --> *histamine* (cAMP) Vagal (*ACh*)
Somatostatin is from - ANSWER//D cells (INHIBITS
gastric acid & pancreatic/gb contraction) Somatostatin
action - ANSWER//Inhibit gastric acid and pancreatic/gb
contraction Somatostatin is released due to -
ANSWER//Low pH, Vagal (inhibit gastric acid & panc/gb
contraction) Cholecystokinin is from - ANSWER//I cells
(duodenum) Cholecystokinin causes -
ANSWER//pancreatic/gb contraction CCK is released due
to - ANSWER//fatty acids and aa VIP causes -
ANSWER//*increase pH* via H2O/e excretion Relax
sphincter NO in GI causes - ANSWER//relaxation of LES
, Ghrelin causes - ANSWER//increased appetitie GIP/GLP
is released from - ANSWER//L cells GIP/GLP causes -
ANSWER//Dexcrease H Increase insulin Acute gastritis is
caused by - ANSWER//*NSAID* (low PGE2 in PMN)
*Burns *= Curling (hypovolemic) *Brain *= Cushing (high
*Vagal*, ACh) H pylori gastritis is located -
ANSWER//antrum H pylori gastritis increases risk for -
ANSWER//MALT or adenocarcinoma H pylori gastritis
histo - ANSWER//patchy infiltrate + multifocal atrophy
Autoimmune gastritis is located -
ANSWER//body/fundus Autoimmune gastritis can risk -
ANSWER//pernicious anemia H pylori duodenal PUD tx -
ANSWER//*(use 2): *Amoxicillin / clarithromycin /
metronidazole / tetracycline + *PPI* (omeprazole) MOA
of Bismuth, Sucralfate, Misoprostol - ANSWER//Bind
ulcer base *PGE-i* tx: traveler's diarrhea "-tidine" -
ANSWER//H2 antagonist decrease H from parietal H2
antagonist - ANSWER//"-tidine" decrease H from
parietal Cimetidine AE - ANSWER//p450 inhibitor
increase *AST/ALT/Creatinine* gynecomastia (H2
antagonist = "tidine") "prazole" - ANSWER//PPI inhibit
*H/K ATPase* in parietal cell PPI -
ANSWER//*"prazole"* inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cell
PPI AE - ANSWER//C dif Nephritis decrease: Mg, Ca, B12,
Fe, Vit C Metoclopramide - ANSWER//*D2-R agonist *
*inhibit ACh* MOTILITY tx: GERD, Gastroparesis
Loperamide - ANSWER//Mu agonist without CNS
penetration *SLOW motility* Enteric bacteria produce
what vitamins - ANSWER//Vit K and Folate Watershed
areas in GI - ANSWER//Rectosigmoid + Splenic flexure
Fat malabsorption stain with - ANSWER//Sudan III What
2026/2027 ALL QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pneumonia - ANSWER//*Patchy* ex: Staph, Strep, Kleb,
H flu Interstitial Pneumonia - ANSWER//Alveolar walls Ex:
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella,
RSV/CMV/flu/adeno Tuberculosis - ANSWER//Th1: IFNg
--> activates Macrophage (CD14): TNF-a Lung
Harmatoma - ANSWER//hyaline cartilage, fat, SMC lined
by respiratory pneumoepithelium Pancoast syndrome -
ANSWER//*NSCLC* at lung apex (superior sulcus)
compression of *brachial plexus * --> Shoulder pain,
*Horner, * Upper edema, paraplegia Asbestos #1 cancer
- ANSWER//Bronchiogenic carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma
in situ) Asbestos change in lung - ANSWER//*pleural
thickening, calcifications* of posterolateral midlung and
diaphragm Mesothelioma - ANSWER//Asbestos
Calcifcations, spindle cells, cytokeratins, calretinin
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma is also known as -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma in situ Does
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma have a good px -
ANSWER//YES even though malignant #1 lung cancer -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma Bronchiolaveolar carcinoma
characteristics - ANSWER//*thickened* columnar cells
along alveolar walls Bronchiolaveolar carcinoma genes -
ANSWER//KRAS EGFR ALK SCC in lungs characteristics -
ANSWER//*keratin pearls* hilar mass *HyperCa* -->
,PTHrP (stones, bones, groans, psych overtones) SCLC -
ANSWER//neuroendocrine (*neural cell adhesion
molecule) HORMONES: *ACTH, ADH*, Lambert Eaton
Acute transplant rejection in lungs -
ANSWER//*perivascular* mononuclear infiltrates in
smalll bv Chronic transplant rejection in lungs -
ANSWER//*Bronchiolitis obliterans* in small airways
Gastroschisis - ANSWER//not covered by periotoneum
poor GI function Omphalocele - ANSWER//Midline
herniation *covered* by periotoneum normal GI
function **Trisomy 13/18*, CL/P Diverticulitis -
ANSWER//outpouching of *mucosa + submucosa*
**Dysphagia most diverticulitis are - ANSWER//FALSE
(pulsion, Zenker) Meckel Diverticulum - ANSWER//TRUE
= *traction* bulge at ileum Mallory Weiss -
ANSWER//Mucosal tears due to intraabdominal
pressure Boerhaave - ANSWER//*Transmural *distal
rupture due to increased intraabdominal pressure
Esophagel cancer in upper 2/3 - ANSWER//SCC
Esophageal cancer in lower 1/3 -
ANSWER//Adenocarcinoma Splenic vein thrombosis
causes gastric varices where - ANSWER//fundus
esophageal dysfunction can be due to enlarged -
ANSWER//left atrium GERD - what happens to LES tone -
ANSWER//DECREASED LES tone Achalasia - what
happens to LES tone - ANSWER//INCREASED LES tone
Krukenberg tumor - ANSWER//gastric cancer *signet
ring cells*: mucin displaces nucleus **spreads to ovary
Zollinger-Ellison tumor - ANSWER//Gastrin secreting
causes PUD dx: increased secretin Vipoma -
ANSWER//watery diarrhea + hypoK tx: octreotide
,Carcinoid syndrome - ANSWER//*intestinal tumor*
(*enterochromaffin) --> *5HT, Bradykinin, PGE* watery
diarrhea telangiectasis Bronchospasm **RIGHT
VALVULAR FIBROUS PLAQUES *METASTASIS* Levels
increased in Carcinoid syndrome - ANSWER//*5-HIAA*
in urine high histamine, VIP *5HT, Bradykinin, PGE*
**LOW NIACIN Tx Carcinoid syndrome -
ANSWER//*Octreotide* (somatostatin w longer t1/2)
Gastrin is from - ANSWER//G cells Gastrin causes -
ANSWER//mucosal growth H secretion from parietal
Gastrin released due to - ANSWER//Vagal (GRP)
Phenylalanine Distension Secretin is from - ANSWER//S
cells Secretin causes - ANSWER//*HCO3* = increase pH
(pancreas) *Bile* excretion Secretin is released due to -
ANSWER//low pH fatty acid Pepsin is from -
ANSWER//Chief cells Pepsin is released due to -
ANSWER//Vagal (ACh) low pH *(digest protein)* Gastric
acid is from - ANSWER//Parietal cells Gastric acid is
released due to - ANSWER//Gastrin: *CCKb-R* -->
ECL/mast --> *histamine* (cAMP) Vagal (*ACh*)
Somatostatin is from - ANSWER//D cells (INHIBITS
gastric acid & pancreatic/gb contraction) Somatostatin
action - ANSWER//Inhibit gastric acid and pancreatic/gb
contraction Somatostatin is released due to -
ANSWER//Low pH, Vagal (inhibit gastric acid & panc/gb
contraction) Cholecystokinin is from - ANSWER//I cells
(duodenum) Cholecystokinin causes -
ANSWER//pancreatic/gb contraction CCK is released due
to - ANSWER//fatty acids and aa VIP causes -
ANSWER//*increase pH* via H2O/e excretion Relax
sphincter NO in GI causes - ANSWER//relaxation of LES
, Ghrelin causes - ANSWER//increased appetitie GIP/GLP
is released from - ANSWER//L cells GIP/GLP causes -
ANSWER//Dexcrease H Increase insulin Acute gastritis is
caused by - ANSWER//*NSAID* (low PGE2 in PMN)
*Burns *= Curling (hypovolemic) *Brain *= Cushing (high
*Vagal*, ACh) H pylori gastritis is located -
ANSWER//antrum H pylori gastritis increases risk for -
ANSWER//MALT or adenocarcinoma H pylori gastritis
histo - ANSWER//patchy infiltrate + multifocal atrophy
Autoimmune gastritis is located -
ANSWER//body/fundus Autoimmune gastritis can risk -
ANSWER//pernicious anemia H pylori duodenal PUD tx -
ANSWER//*(use 2): *Amoxicillin / clarithromycin /
metronidazole / tetracycline + *PPI* (omeprazole) MOA
of Bismuth, Sucralfate, Misoprostol - ANSWER//Bind
ulcer base *PGE-i* tx: traveler's diarrhea "-tidine" -
ANSWER//H2 antagonist decrease H from parietal H2
antagonist - ANSWER//"-tidine" decrease H from
parietal Cimetidine AE - ANSWER//p450 inhibitor
increase *AST/ALT/Creatinine* gynecomastia (H2
antagonist = "tidine") "prazole" - ANSWER//PPI inhibit
*H/K ATPase* in parietal cell PPI -
ANSWER//*"prazole"* inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cell
PPI AE - ANSWER//C dif Nephritis decrease: Mg, Ca, B12,
Fe, Vit C Metoclopramide - ANSWER//*D2-R agonist *
*inhibit ACh* MOTILITY tx: GERD, Gastroparesis
Loperamide - ANSWER//Mu agonist without CNS
penetration *SLOW motility* Enteric bacteria produce
what vitamins - ANSWER//Vit K and Folate Watershed
areas in GI - ANSWER//Rectosigmoid + Splenic flexure
Fat malabsorption stain with - ANSWER//Sudan III What
