WGU C190 Intro to Biology Personal Practice Questions
Comprehensive Final Review 2026 | Study Guide
1. What is the name of the transport mechanism involved in the release of
neurotransmitters like dopamine from vesicles in neurons?
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Diffusion
2. What organelles are responsible for converting light energy into chemical
energy in plants?
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
3. The interior of a lipid bilayer...
contains a layer of fluid water molecules.
has a solid, crystalline structure.
is filled with hydrogen-bonded chains.
is completely nonpolar.
4. The function of the plasma membrane is:
All of these are correct
Determines which substances enter and leave the cell
, Serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
5. Which of the following is true of meiosis?
It produces genetic variation through crossing over
It produces genetic variation due to independent assortment of
chromosomes
It produces genetic variation due to random fertilization of gametes
It produces a diploid zygote when haploid gametes fuse
All of the above
6. Describe the role of sterols in cellular membranes.
Sterols act as energy sources for the cell.
Sterols are responsible for DNA replication.
Sterols are involved in protein synthesis.
Sterols help to maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
7. If a mutation affects the carbohydrate components of a cell membrane, what
potential impact could this have on the cell's function?
Impaired cell communication and recognition
Enhanced structural integrity
Increased energy production
Improved transport efficiency
8. What are the important substances produced by modifying cholesterol,
besides vitamins A and D?
Proteins
, Carbohydrates
Steroids
Nucleic acids
9. When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory
vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport
is this?
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
exocytosis
pinocytosis
10. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
Small non-polar molecules
Large nonpolar molecules
Large polar molecules
Small polar molecules
Large neutral molecules
11. Describe the significance of chromosome condensation during cell division.
Chromosome condensation allows for the synthesis of proteins.
Chromosome condensation is crucial for ensuring that
chromosomes are properly segregated during cell division.
Chromosome condensation prevents DNA replication.
, Chromosome condensation is irrelevant to cell division.
12. Describe the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and how it relates to
cellular respiration.
Mitochondria store genetic information for the cell.
Mitochondria are involved in protein synthesis within the cell.
Mitochondria are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs,
converting nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
13. Describe the role of cellulose in plant cells and why it is important for their
structure.
Cellulose serves as a source of energy for plant cells during
photosynthesis.
Cellulose provides structural support to plant cells by forming
rigid cell walls.
Cellulose is involved in the transport of nutrients within the plant.
Cellulose is a type of protein that aids in cell division.
14. What is the primary event that occurs during the 'S' phase of interphase?
Cell division
Protein synthesis
Chromosome condensation
DNA replication
15. What is the role of centromeres in chromosome structure?
To protect telomeres
Comprehensive Final Review 2026 | Study Guide
1. What is the name of the transport mechanism involved in the release of
neurotransmitters like dopamine from vesicles in neurons?
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Diffusion
2. What organelles are responsible for converting light energy into chemical
energy in plants?
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
3. The interior of a lipid bilayer...
contains a layer of fluid water molecules.
has a solid, crystalline structure.
is filled with hydrogen-bonded chains.
is completely nonpolar.
4. The function of the plasma membrane is:
All of these are correct
Determines which substances enter and leave the cell
, Serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
5. Which of the following is true of meiosis?
It produces genetic variation through crossing over
It produces genetic variation due to independent assortment of
chromosomes
It produces genetic variation due to random fertilization of gametes
It produces a diploid zygote when haploid gametes fuse
All of the above
6. Describe the role of sterols in cellular membranes.
Sterols act as energy sources for the cell.
Sterols are responsible for DNA replication.
Sterols are involved in protein synthesis.
Sterols help to maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
7. If a mutation affects the carbohydrate components of a cell membrane, what
potential impact could this have on the cell's function?
Impaired cell communication and recognition
Enhanced structural integrity
Increased energy production
Improved transport efficiency
8. What are the important substances produced by modifying cholesterol,
besides vitamins A and D?
Proteins
, Carbohydrates
Steroids
Nucleic acids
9. When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory
vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport
is this?
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
exocytosis
pinocytosis
10. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
Small non-polar molecules
Large nonpolar molecules
Large polar molecules
Small polar molecules
Large neutral molecules
11. Describe the significance of chromosome condensation during cell division.
Chromosome condensation allows for the synthesis of proteins.
Chromosome condensation is crucial for ensuring that
chromosomes are properly segregated during cell division.
Chromosome condensation prevents DNA replication.
, Chromosome condensation is irrelevant to cell division.
12. Describe the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and how it relates to
cellular respiration.
Mitochondria store genetic information for the cell.
Mitochondria are involved in protein synthesis within the cell.
Mitochondria are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs,
converting nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
13. Describe the role of cellulose in plant cells and why it is important for their
structure.
Cellulose serves as a source of energy for plant cells during
photosynthesis.
Cellulose provides structural support to plant cells by forming
rigid cell walls.
Cellulose is involved in the transport of nutrients within the plant.
Cellulose is a type of protein that aids in cell division.
14. What is the primary event that occurs during the 'S' phase of interphase?
Cell division
Protein synthesis
Chromosome condensation
DNA replication
15. What is the role of centromeres in chromosome structure?
To protect telomeres
