Cross-cultural differences in performance on conservation tasks suggest: - Answers there is little
cultural variation in familiarity with the contents used in tests of the cognitive operations identified by
Piaget.
-training, familiar materials, and use of native language are important contributors to children's
performance on standardized tests.
there are few universals in Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
experience does not affect the acquisition of the cognitive concepts identified by Piaget.
Executive function has been found to be important to: - Answers emotional health.
-academic success.
sibling relationships.
physical health.
According to Piaget's observations, most children in the transitional stage for developing conservation
of volume: - Answers usually traverse this stage at age 8.
are still unaware that they need to consider both the height and the width of the container.
-know that height and width are important but have difficulty keeping both in mind simultaneously.
usually traverse this stage at age 2.
Cross-cultural research comparing digit span performance of U.S. children to Chinese children
between 4 and 6 years of age showed that: - Answers -the Chinese children were superior in digit
span performance.
the children from both countries were comparable in their performance.
neither group of children was capable of digit span tasks.
the U.S. children were superior in digit span performance.
What is the conservation of number? - Answers -the ability to recognize one-to-one correspondence
between two sets of objects in spite of spatial rearrangements
the ability to assign number words to written number symbols and objects
the ability to recognize that the last number counted is the total number of items
the ability to count the number of items in two or more rows
The relationship between significant brain changes and the increasing competencies of a child in the
middle childhood years can be described as: - Answers nonexistent.
-correlational.
a direct causal link from brain changes to changes in behavior.
a direct causal link from behavior changes to changes in the brain.
The shorter Chinese words for the digits may be the reason that Chinese 4- to 6-year-olds
outperformed 4- to 6-year-olds from the United States. This provides evidence for which view of
expanded memory capacity in middle childhood? - Answers an increase in ability to hold information
in working memory
-greater efficiency in information processing capabilities
an increase in knowledge about things children try to remember
a physically larger frontal lobe
Memory span is the: - Answers space between items that a child is trying to repeat after they are
presented.
length of a passage a child is trying to repeat after it is presented.
-number of randomly presented items children can repeat immediately after the items are presented.
pause time as a child attempts to recall a list of items.
Which of the following MOST accurately summarizes the findings of cross-cultural studies of cognitive
development? - Answers The ability to perform concrete operational tasks is unaffected by variations
in culture.
Only children who have been to school can successfully solve concrete operational problems.
Concrete operations are not universal.
-Concrete operations appear universal but are affected by variations in task familiarity.
The thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that children have about school and learning are referred to
as: - Answers motivation
intelligence.
performance.
-school engagement.