Ch 10-Nervous System: Nervous
Tissue and Brain - The Human Body in
Health and Illness 2026
Central Nervous System (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ contains the brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ consist of nerves that connect the brain and the
spinal cord with the rest of the body
Motor nerves - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerves that carry out the plans made by the CNS; also
described as efferent nerves
Sensory nerves - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerves that gather information from the environment and
carry it to the CNS; also described as afferent nerves
Integrative function - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ has the decision-making capability; the processing and
interpretation of information by the cells of the CNS
Which type of nerve cell does not undergo mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Neuron
Astrocyte - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Common type of glial cell that supports and protects the neurons;
helps form the blood-brain barrier
Ependymal cells - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ type of glial cell that lines the inside cavities of the brain;
helps form the cerebrospinal fluid
Schwann cells - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral
nervous system
Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
Nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Clusters of cell bodies located within the CNS
Microglia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ glial cells that engage in phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged
tissue
Neuroglia (glia) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerve glue; composed of astrocytes, ependymal cells,
microglia, and oligodendrocytes
Cell body - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the neuron that contains the nucleus; dendrites bring
information to this structure, and the axon carries information away from this structure
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the neuron that transmits information away from the cell body
Axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the axon where the neurotransmitters are stored
nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ short segments of the axonal membrane that are not
covered by myelin sheath; allows for saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse
, Neurilemma - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ layes of cells that covers the axons of peripheral neurons;
concerned with nerve regeneration
Myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ white fatty material that surrounds the axon; increases the
rate at which the electrical signal travels along the axon
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ treelike part of the neuron that receives information from
another neuron; transmits that information toward the cell body
acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a common neurotransmitter
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the first phase of the action potential caused by an inward
movement of sodium (Na+); the inside of the neuron becomes positively charged
Polarization
aka Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the inside of the unstimulated
neuron is negative; electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium (K+)
Action potential - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the changes in electrical charge across the membrane
during depolarization and repolarization; also called nerve impulse
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the second phase of the action potential that is caused by
the outward movement of potassium (K+); the depolarized neuron returns to the resting state
Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a shallow groove found on the surface of the brain
Fissure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a deep groove found on the surface of the brain
Lateral sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ groove that seperates the temporal lobe from the frontal and
parietal lobes
Gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a bump or elevation on the surface of the cerebrum; also called
convolution
Precentral gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ convolution located on the frontal lobe immediately
anterior to the central sulcus
Postcentral gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ convolution that is located on the parietal lobe
immediately posterior to the central sulcus
Longitudinal fissure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ deep groove that seperates the left and right
hemispheres
Cerebrum - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the brain that is divided into the right and left
hemispheres; largest part of the brain; composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
Brain stem - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus
pons - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ means bridge; helps regulate breathing rate and rhythm
Tissue and Brain - The Human Body in
Health and Illness 2026
Central Nervous System (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ contains the brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ consist of nerves that connect the brain and the
spinal cord with the rest of the body
Motor nerves - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerves that carry out the plans made by the CNS; also
described as efferent nerves
Sensory nerves - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerves that gather information from the environment and
carry it to the CNS; also described as afferent nerves
Integrative function - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ has the decision-making capability; the processing and
interpretation of information by the cells of the CNS
Which type of nerve cell does not undergo mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Neuron
Astrocyte - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Common type of glial cell that supports and protects the neurons;
helps form the blood-brain barrier
Ependymal cells - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ type of glial cell that lines the inside cavities of the brain;
helps form the cerebrospinal fluid
Schwann cells - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral
nervous system
Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
Nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Clusters of cell bodies located within the CNS
Microglia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ glial cells that engage in phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged
tissue
Neuroglia (glia) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nerve glue; composed of astrocytes, ependymal cells,
microglia, and oligodendrocytes
Cell body - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the neuron that contains the nucleus; dendrites bring
information to this structure, and the axon carries information away from this structure
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the neuron that transmits information away from the cell body
Axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the axon where the neurotransmitters are stored
nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ short segments of the axonal membrane that are not
covered by myelin sheath; allows for saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse
, Neurilemma - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ layes of cells that covers the axons of peripheral neurons;
concerned with nerve regeneration
Myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ white fatty material that surrounds the axon; increases the
rate at which the electrical signal travels along the axon
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ treelike part of the neuron that receives information from
another neuron; transmits that information toward the cell body
acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a common neurotransmitter
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the first phase of the action potential caused by an inward
movement of sodium (Na+); the inside of the neuron becomes positively charged
Polarization
aka Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the inside of the unstimulated
neuron is negative; electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium (K+)
Action potential - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the changes in electrical charge across the membrane
during depolarization and repolarization; also called nerve impulse
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ the second phase of the action potential that is caused by
the outward movement of potassium (K+); the depolarized neuron returns to the resting state
Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a shallow groove found on the surface of the brain
Fissure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a deep groove found on the surface of the brain
Lateral sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ groove that seperates the temporal lobe from the frontal and
parietal lobes
Gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ a bump or elevation on the surface of the cerebrum; also called
convolution
Precentral gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ convolution located on the frontal lobe immediately
anterior to the central sulcus
Postcentral gyrus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ convolution that is located on the parietal lobe
immediately posterior to the central sulcus
Longitudinal fissure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ deep groove that seperates the left and right
hemispheres
Cerebrum - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ part of the brain that is divided into the right and left
hemispheres; largest part of the brain; composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
Brain stem - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus
pons - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ means bridge; helps regulate breathing rate and rhythm
