LETRS UNIT 1 (SESSIONS 1–8) FINAL
ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE 200 Original
Questions | Answers & Rationales
Focus Areas: Phonology, Orthography, Morphology, Semantics, Syntax,
Discourse, Scarborough’s Rope, Simple View of Reading, Ehri’s Phases,
Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Dyslexia, and Reading Development
Questions 1–50: Foundations of Reading & The Simple View of Reading
1. According to the Simple View of Reading, reading comprehension is the
product of which two components?
A) Phonemic awareness and phonics
B) Decoding (word recognition) and language comprehension
C) Fluency and vocabulary
D) Background knowledge and inference
Answer: B
Rationale: Reading Comprehension (RC) = Decoding (D) × Language
Comprehension (LC). If either is zero, comprehension is zero.
2. A student can decode words accurately but does not understand what she
reads. According to the Simple View, the deficit is in?
A) Word recognition
B) Language comprehension
C) Phonological awareness
D) Fluency
Answer: B
,Rationale: Good decoding + poor comprehension = language comprehension
weakness (e.g., vocabulary, syntax, background knowledge).
3. A student reads with excellent oral language comprehension but cannot
sound out unfamiliar words. The deficit is in?
A) Language comprehension
B) Decoding
C) Background knowledge
D) Semantics
Answer: B
Rationale: Poor decoding with good language comprehension = dyslexia or
word recognition deficit.
4. Scarborough’s Reading Rope represents reading skill as a rope with two
major strands. What are they?
A) Phonemic awareness and phonics
B) Word recognition and language comprehension
C) Fluency and comprehension
D) Decoding and sight recognition
Answer: B
Rationale: Scarborough’s Rope has upper strand (language comprehension)
and lower strand (word recognition), woven together.
5. Which of the following is NOT a sub-skill of word recognition in
Scarborough’s Rope?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Decoding (alphabetic principle)
C) Sight recognition of familiar words
,D) Vocabulary depth
Answer: D
Rationale: Vocabulary depth is in the language comprehension strand, not
word recognition.
6. Which of the following IS a sub-skill of language comprehension in
Scarborough’s Rope?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Decoding
C) Background knowledge
D) Letter-sound correspondence
Answer: C
Rationale: Language comprehension includes background knowledge,
vocabulary, language structures, verbal reasoning, literacy knowledge.
7. The Simple View of Reading predicts that a student with strong decoding
and weak language comprehension will have?
A) Good reading comprehension
B) Poor reading comprehension
C) Hyperlexia
D) Dysgraphia
Answer: B
Rationale: If language comprehension is low, product (D × LC) remains low
regardless of decoding skill.
8. A student with strong oral language but severe dyslexia (poor decoding)
fits which Simple View profile?
A) Mixed deficit
B) Specific word recognition deficit
C) Specific comprehension deficit
, D) Typical reader
Answer: B
Rationale: Specific word recognition deficit = poor decoding + adequate
language comprehension (dyslexia).
9. According to research, what percentage of students can learn to read with
explicit, systematic instruction?
A) 50–60%
B) 70–80%
C) 90–95%
D) 100%
Answer: C
Rationale: About 95% of students can learn to read with evidence-based
instruction; 5% have severe disabilities.
10. The “four-part processing system” for word recognition includes all
EXCEPT?
A) Phonological processor
B) Orthographic processor
C) Semantic processor
D) Pragmatic processor
Answer: D
Rationale: The four processors are phonological, orthographic, meaning
(semantic), and context (pragmatic not typically listed separately).
11. Which brain region is primarily responsible for phonological processing?
A) Occipital lobe
B) Parietal-temporal region
C) Frontal lobe (Broca’s area)
ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE 200 Original
Questions | Answers & Rationales
Focus Areas: Phonology, Orthography, Morphology, Semantics, Syntax,
Discourse, Scarborough’s Rope, Simple View of Reading, Ehri’s Phases,
Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Dyslexia, and Reading Development
Questions 1–50: Foundations of Reading & The Simple View of Reading
1. According to the Simple View of Reading, reading comprehension is the
product of which two components?
A) Phonemic awareness and phonics
B) Decoding (word recognition) and language comprehension
C) Fluency and vocabulary
D) Background knowledge and inference
Answer: B
Rationale: Reading Comprehension (RC) = Decoding (D) × Language
Comprehension (LC). If either is zero, comprehension is zero.
2. A student can decode words accurately but does not understand what she
reads. According to the Simple View, the deficit is in?
A) Word recognition
B) Language comprehension
C) Phonological awareness
D) Fluency
Answer: B
,Rationale: Good decoding + poor comprehension = language comprehension
weakness (e.g., vocabulary, syntax, background knowledge).
3. A student reads with excellent oral language comprehension but cannot
sound out unfamiliar words. The deficit is in?
A) Language comprehension
B) Decoding
C) Background knowledge
D) Semantics
Answer: B
Rationale: Poor decoding with good language comprehension = dyslexia or
word recognition deficit.
4. Scarborough’s Reading Rope represents reading skill as a rope with two
major strands. What are they?
A) Phonemic awareness and phonics
B) Word recognition and language comprehension
C) Fluency and comprehension
D) Decoding and sight recognition
Answer: B
Rationale: Scarborough’s Rope has upper strand (language comprehension)
and lower strand (word recognition), woven together.
5. Which of the following is NOT a sub-skill of word recognition in
Scarborough’s Rope?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Decoding (alphabetic principle)
C) Sight recognition of familiar words
,D) Vocabulary depth
Answer: D
Rationale: Vocabulary depth is in the language comprehension strand, not
word recognition.
6. Which of the following IS a sub-skill of language comprehension in
Scarborough’s Rope?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Decoding
C) Background knowledge
D) Letter-sound correspondence
Answer: C
Rationale: Language comprehension includes background knowledge,
vocabulary, language structures, verbal reasoning, literacy knowledge.
7. The Simple View of Reading predicts that a student with strong decoding
and weak language comprehension will have?
A) Good reading comprehension
B) Poor reading comprehension
C) Hyperlexia
D) Dysgraphia
Answer: B
Rationale: If language comprehension is low, product (D × LC) remains low
regardless of decoding skill.
8. A student with strong oral language but severe dyslexia (poor decoding)
fits which Simple View profile?
A) Mixed deficit
B) Specific word recognition deficit
C) Specific comprehension deficit
, D) Typical reader
Answer: B
Rationale: Specific word recognition deficit = poor decoding + adequate
language comprehension (dyslexia).
9. According to research, what percentage of students can learn to read with
explicit, systematic instruction?
A) 50–60%
B) 70–80%
C) 90–95%
D) 100%
Answer: C
Rationale: About 95% of students can learn to read with evidence-based
instruction; 5% have severe disabilities.
10. The “four-part processing system” for word recognition includes all
EXCEPT?
A) Phonological processor
B) Orthographic processor
C) Semantic processor
D) Pragmatic processor
Answer: D
Rationale: The four processors are phonological, orthographic, meaning
(semantic), and context (pragmatic not typically listed separately).
11. Which brain region is primarily responsible for phonological processing?
A) Occipital lobe
B) Parietal-temporal region
C) Frontal lobe (Broca’s area)
