CHEM 130 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions Well Answered Pass Guaranteed

- correct answers CHAPTER 1 Sub-microscopic particles; fundamental building blocks of matter - correct answers Atoms atoms bound together in specific geometrical arrangements - correct answers Molecules science that seeks to understand behavior of matter by studying behavior of atoms and molecules - correct answers Chemsitry an explanation of observations - correct answers Hypothesis procedures designed to generate observations that confirm or refute a hypothesis - correct answers Experiments statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future one - correct answers Scientific law a model for the way nature is and tries to explain not only what but also why - correct answers Scientific theory matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms - correct answers Dalton's Atomic Theory anything that occupies space and has mass - correct answers Matter specific instance of matter - correct answers Substance physical form of matter 3 types: solid, liquid, gas - correct answers State basic components that make up matter - correct answers Composition type of solid matter where atoms or molecules are in patterns with long range order - correct answers Crystalline type of solid matter where atoms or molecules do not have a long-range order - correct answers Amorphous substance made up of only one component; composition does not vary from sample to sample categorize into 2 groups: elements or compounds - correct answers Pure substance substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances - correct answers Element a substance composed of two or more elements more common than pure elements - correct answers Compound substance made up of two or more components Categorized into 2 groups: Heterogeneous and homogeneous - correct answers Mixture the composition of the mixture varies from one region of the mixture to another - correct answers Heterogeneous mixture the composition of the mixture is same throughout - correct answers Homogeneous mixture changes that only alter the appearance or state - correct answers Physical change changes that alter the composition of matter - correct answers Chemical change property that a substance displays without changing its composition Ex: odor, taste, color, appearance, melting/boiling point, density, change in state of matter or changes in physical condition of matter - correct answers Physical property property that a substance displays by changing its composition via a chemical change Ex: corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity, temperature or color change - correct answers Chemical property capacity to do work - correct answers Energy action of a force through a distance - correct answers Work length-meter, kilogram-mass, time-second, temperature-kelvin - correct answers Standard Units - correct answers Conversions 1kg = 2.205lbs - correct answers Kilogram to pounds C = 5/9(F-32) - correct answers Fahrenheit to Celcius K = C + 273.15 - correct answers Celsius to Kelvin 1G = 3.785L - correct answers Gallon to Liters 1in = 2.54cm - correct answers Inches to Centimenters 1.094 yds = 1m - correct answers Yards to Meters 1.057qts = 1L - correct answers Quarts to Liters mega-M (10^6) kilo-k (10^3) deci-d (10^-1) cent- c (10^-2) milli- m (10^-3) micro- u (10^-6) pico- p (10^-12) - correct answers Prefix multipliers a measure of space; measured in mL or L, 1cm^3 = 1mL - correct answers Volume ratio of mass to volume-- D = m/V - correct answers Density how close a series of measurements are to one another - correct answers Precision how close the measured value is to the actual value - correct answers Accuracy - correct answers CHAPTER 2 in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed; Antoine Lavoisier - correct answers Lavoisier-Law of Conservation of Mass all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements; ratio of masses are also same - correct answers Proust- Law of Definite Proportions when two elements (A & B) form two different compounds, the masses of element A and element B can be written as a ratio of small whole numbers - correct answers Dalton- law of multiple proportions 1. elements are composed atoms 2. all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties (proven wrong- isotopes) 3. atoms combine in who-number ratios to form compounds 4. atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element - correct answers Dalton- Atomic theory used cathode rays- discovered the electron plum-pudding model-electrons are held within a positively charged sphere - correct answers J.J. Thompson oil drop experiment- found the charge of a single electron (-1.60 x !0^-19 C) - correct answers Robert Millikan gold foil experiment- discovered the nucleus - correct answers Ernest Rutherford 1. most of atoms mass and all positive charge are contained in the nucleus 2. Most of the volume of atoms is empty space where electrons are dispersed 3. positive charged particles (protons) in the nucleus, so atom is neutal - correct answ