PSYC 388 Final (Counselling) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
CH 1 ↓
Counselling - CCPA
-"the skilled and principled use of relationship to facilitate self-knowledge,
emotional acceptance and growth, and the optimal development of personal
resources"
advocacy - "helping clients challenge institutional and social barriers that impede
academic, career, or personal-social development" (p.21)
- purpose = "increase clients sense of personal power and to foster
sociopolitical changes that reflect greater responsiveness to the clients
personal needs"
guidance "the process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives"
difference between counselling and guidance ‣ guidance focus on helping people choose what they value most VS.
counselling helps people make changes
leadership - need for counsellors to develop leadership skills to become a more positive
and potent force in society
- difficult for counsellors to move into leadership roles where they'd have more
influence
millenium trends
positive psychology commitment to personal growth and mental wellness (idea always existed in
counselling but has newly been called positive psych)
psychologist - professional
- regulated within province
, psychotherapy - focus on intrapsychic, internal, and personal issues and conflicts.
*reconstructive change
◦ "recovery of adequacy"
- past more than present, insight more than change, detachment of therapist,
therapist=expert
social justice "reflects a fundamental valuing of fairness and equity in resources, rights, and
treatment for marginalized individuals and groups of people who do not share
the power in society because of their immigration, racial, ethnic, age,
socioeconomic, religious heritage, physical abilities, or sexual orientation status
groups."
social work a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and
communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being
technology-based counselling - new tool for career planning
- initially for record keeping, data, word processing
- now more emphasis on it for client-therapist interaction
- ethical and legal risks (confidentiality, emergencies, location, tech failures)
wellness - physical, intellectual, social, psychological, emotional, environmental
◦ "a way of life oriented towards optimal health and well-being in which body,
mind and spirit are integrated by the individual to live life more fully within the
human and natural
- optimum state of health and well-being
Roger F. Aubrey - Human development counselling
Aaron Beck (history) Founder of cognitive therapy
- emerged after 1950's
Clifford Beers -Described own mental collapse in A Mind That Found Itself
-Began campaign for reform of treatment of mentally ill
Eric Berne (history) Father of Transactional Analysis, suggested the group is held together by a
bond between the leader and the group members.
Albert Ellis (history) - 1950's
- rational emotive therapy
Lawrence Kohlberg -1950's
Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral
dilemmas in assessment
school counselling:
process-orientated, hierarchical, sequential
• Cognitive discomfort = impetus of change
and CORRECT Answers
CH 1 ↓
Counselling - CCPA
-"the skilled and principled use of relationship to facilitate self-knowledge,
emotional acceptance and growth, and the optimal development of personal
resources"
advocacy - "helping clients challenge institutional and social barriers that impede
academic, career, or personal-social development" (p.21)
- purpose = "increase clients sense of personal power and to foster
sociopolitical changes that reflect greater responsiveness to the clients
personal needs"
guidance "the process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives"
difference between counselling and guidance ‣ guidance focus on helping people choose what they value most VS.
counselling helps people make changes
leadership - need for counsellors to develop leadership skills to become a more positive
and potent force in society
- difficult for counsellors to move into leadership roles where they'd have more
influence
millenium trends
positive psychology commitment to personal growth and mental wellness (idea always existed in
counselling but has newly been called positive psych)
psychologist - professional
- regulated within province
, psychotherapy - focus on intrapsychic, internal, and personal issues and conflicts.
*reconstructive change
◦ "recovery of adequacy"
- past more than present, insight more than change, detachment of therapist,
therapist=expert
social justice "reflects a fundamental valuing of fairness and equity in resources, rights, and
treatment for marginalized individuals and groups of people who do not share
the power in society because of their immigration, racial, ethnic, age,
socioeconomic, religious heritage, physical abilities, or sexual orientation status
groups."
social work a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and
communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being
technology-based counselling - new tool for career planning
- initially for record keeping, data, word processing
- now more emphasis on it for client-therapist interaction
- ethical and legal risks (confidentiality, emergencies, location, tech failures)
wellness - physical, intellectual, social, psychological, emotional, environmental
◦ "a way of life oriented towards optimal health and well-being in which body,
mind and spirit are integrated by the individual to live life more fully within the
human and natural
- optimum state of health and well-being
Roger F. Aubrey - Human development counselling
Aaron Beck (history) Founder of cognitive therapy
- emerged after 1950's
Clifford Beers -Described own mental collapse in A Mind That Found Itself
-Began campaign for reform of treatment of mentally ill
Eric Berne (history) Father of Transactional Analysis, suggested the group is held together by a
bond between the leader and the group members.
Albert Ellis (history) - 1950's
- rational emotive therapy
Lawrence Kohlberg -1950's
Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral
dilemmas in assessment
school counselling:
process-orientated, hierarchical, sequential
• Cognitive discomfort = impetus of change
