PSYC 387 Final Prep Athabasca University UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
within-subject design the same participants tests all conditions corresponding to variable
-participants act as their own control and the researcher compares the
performance of the same participants between one condition the other
-minimizes individual differences as well as increases statistical power
between-subject design different participants are assigned to each of the conditions in the experiment
-each group of participants represents a different level of the independent
variable
-their performances in the experiment are compared
-this allows the researcher to investigate differences between groups of
people which could lead to more variability due to individual differences
what is needed for something to be an experiment manipulation, control, random assignment and random selection
a change in the form that behaviour takes is called a topography
change in ________
the phrase survival of the fittest is often interpreted to think about the phrase in favouring traits instead of thinking of it as a way we
mean that natural selection is the result of a kind of are able to go into combat.
combat. what would be a more accurate interpretation -it would increase an organism's chances of surviving in their designated
of the phrase? environment and once making it to mature age, they would be able to
reproduce
-has very little to do with combat and more to do with whether the organism is
strong enough to survive and then recreate itself
-the world "fit" does not mean how physically fit something is, it is referring to
whether the organism has the traits that are beneficial to survive the climate,
avoid predators, reproduce, etc.
what are the ethics of using animals for research on -concern for animal's welfare (intrinsically unethical)
learning? -animals are different from humans (need to be careful generalizing)
-no practical value
, nature vs nurture Do genes (nature) or environmental factors (nurture) contribute more to a
person's being?
why is random assignment of subjects unnecessary in because you usually only have on person between ABA experiments. After
ABA experiments phase B, you go back to phase A, where you put them back into the treatment
phase which shows cause and effect.
how are reflexes, modal action patterns, and general all are less variable anymore dependent on genes than other forms of
behaviour alike and different? behaviour
-they different chiefly in the degree to which hey vary and in the degree to
which they can be modified by experience
-reflexes are less variable and generally less malleable than general behaviour
traits
-FAPs falling between MAPS and general behaviour
what can cause mutation? exposure to radiation, certain chemicals and viral infections
who said change is the only constant? roman philosopher, Lucretius, 2000 years ago
who was the first person to understand the role of gregor mendel (1866; father of genetics)
genetics?
what was Darwin aware of? -variation with a species was common
-selective breeding of farm animals with a specific variation often results in
offspring with that characteristic
What does Dawkin's pebbly beach analogy illustrate pebbles arrange themselves based not he flow of water and density of size of
about natural selection? rocks
-intelligent direction isn't required (the environment "selects" desirable
characteristics)
what are mutations? abrupt changes in genes
in what case will mutation be passed on to the next when mutation occurs in reproductive cells (sperm and ova)
generation?
What year was the Origin of Species published? 1859
describe Darwin's theory of natural selection -argued tremendous variation among members of any given species
-some of the variations are well suited to their current conditions, some are not
-individual's with favourable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce
(their successors are more likely to show the favourable traits they had)
-features that contribute to survival and selected by the environment
What is a reflex? quick automatic response to a stimulus
-relationship between an event and a simple response
-food in mouth elicits the salivary reflex, the flow of saliva begins and digestion
starts
reflexes are highly ______ stereotypic
the cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other modal action pattern
birds. this is most likely a:
and CORRECT Answers
within-subject design the same participants tests all conditions corresponding to variable
-participants act as their own control and the researcher compares the
performance of the same participants between one condition the other
-minimizes individual differences as well as increases statistical power
between-subject design different participants are assigned to each of the conditions in the experiment
-each group of participants represents a different level of the independent
variable
-their performances in the experiment are compared
-this allows the researcher to investigate differences between groups of
people which could lead to more variability due to individual differences
what is needed for something to be an experiment manipulation, control, random assignment and random selection
a change in the form that behaviour takes is called a topography
change in ________
the phrase survival of the fittest is often interpreted to think about the phrase in favouring traits instead of thinking of it as a way we
mean that natural selection is the result of a kind of are able to go into combat.
combat. what would be a more accurate interpretation -it would increase an organism's chances of surviving in their designated
of the phrase? environment and once making it to mature age, they would be able to
reproduce
-has very little to do with combat and more to do with whether the organism is
strong enough to survive and then recreate itself
-the world "fit" does not mean how physically fit something is, it is referring to
whether the organism has the traits that are beneficial to survive the climate,
avoid predators, reproduce, etc.
what are the ethics of using animals for research on -concern for animal's welfare (intrinsically unethical)
learning? -animals are different from humans (need to be careful generalizing)
-no practical value
, nature vs nurture Do genes (nature) or environmental factors (nurture) contribute more to a
person's being?
why is random assignment of subjects unnecessary in because you usually only have on person between ABA experiments. After
ABA experiments phase B, you go back to phase A, where you put them back into the treatment
phase which shows cause and effect.
how are reflexes, modal action patterns, and general all are less variable anymore dependent on genes than other forms of
behaviour alike and different? behaviour
-they different chiefly in the degree to which hey vary and in the degree to
which they can be modified by experience
-reflexes are less variable and generally less malleable than general behaviour
traits
-FAPs falling between MAPS and general behaviour
what can cause mutation? exposure to radiation, certain chemicals and viral infections
who said change is the only constant? roman philosopher, Lucretius, 2000 years ago
who was the first person to understand the role of gregor mendel (1866; father of genetics)
genetics?
what was Darwin aware of? -variation with a species was common
-selective breeding of farm animals with a specific variation often results in
offspring with that characteristic
What does Dawkin's pebbly beach analogy illustrate pebbles arrange themselves based not he flow of water and density of size of
about natural selection? rocks
-intelligent direction isn't required (the environment "selects" desirable
characteristics)
what are mutations? abrupt changes in genes
in what case will mutation be passed on to the next when mutation occurs in reproductive cells (sperm and ova)
generation?
What year was the Origin of Species published? 1859
describe Darwin's theory of natural selection -argued tremendous variation among members of any given species
-some of the variations are well suited to their current conditions, some are not
-individual's with favourable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce
(their successors are more likely to show the favourable traits they had)
-features that contribute to survival and selected by the environment
What is a reflex? quick automatic response to a stimulus
-relationship between an event and a simple response
-food in mouth elicits the salivary reflex, the flow of saliva begins and digestion
starts
reflexes are highly ______ stereotypic
the cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other modal action pattern
birds. this is most likely a:
