psych 355 USC exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
attitudes postive/negative reactions to people, things and ideas
four reactions to attitude objects positive attitude, dual attitudes (ambivalence), indifference, negative attitude
attitude scales self report scales; Better describes someones true attitude toward something
because it provides a range (not just like/dislike)
Likert Scale (Rensis Likert) The most widely used tactic for determining attitudes; a numerical scale used
to assess attitudes; includes a set of possible answers with labeled anchors on
each extreme (extremely dislike, dislike, neutral, like, extremely like)
Bogus pipeline use something like a lie detector test (or at least say you are) so tat subjects self
report honestly
covert measures measures that are not directly under a person's control: observe reactions,
behavior, facial expressions, etc.
monitoring bodily functions pupil dilation, sweat, etc. show how intense of an attitude we have toward
something but not if its positive or negative
facial electromyograph an electronic instrument that records facial muscle activity associated with
emotions and attitudes
recorded facial EMG how did Cacioppo and Petty find that non-visible muscle contractions in the
cheeks happened when someone agreed with a statement and contractions in
the brow occurred when someone disagreed?
inconsistency Cacioppo found that brain waves were a result of _________ increased more
when something someone disliked popped up after a string of things they did
like and vice versa
, Implicit Association Test (IAT) A computer-driven assessment of implicit attitudes. The test uses reaction times
to measure people's automatic associations between attitude objects and
evaluative words. Easier pairings (and faster responses) are taken to indicate
stronger unconscious associations.
implicit attitudes Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious (we
don't know we feel that way)
true there is correlational data that suggests that attitudes are inherited. true or
false?
personal experience our most cherished attitudes typically result from ___________________
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a
bell (neutral stimulus creates attitude because of experience)
evaluative conditioning the process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of
its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing
Richard LaPiere conducted a study in the 30s when racial tensions against asian Americans
were high. He took an Asian couple to over 250 restaurants, campgrounds, etc.
and they were given service everywhere except one place. He then wrote to
all of those businesses asking if they serve Asian Americans and 90% said they
didn't. This proved attitudes don't always influence behavior (study was flawed)
Ajzen's theory of planned behavior 1) behavior is influenced less by general attitudes than by attitudes toward a
specific behavior 2) behavior is influenced not only by attitudes but by
subjective norms- our beliefs about what others think we should do 3) attitudes
give rise to behavior only when we perceive the behavior to be within our
control 4) although attitudes contribute to an intention to behave in a particular
manner, people often do not or cannot follow through on their intentions
Theories of Reasoned Action specific attitudes + social pressure = behavior
factors that determine strength of attitudes (1) directly affected their own self-interests; (2) related to deeply held
philosophical, political, and religious values; and (3) were of concern to their
close friends, family, and social ingroups.
contextual factors have observed that whereas Western views of attitudes are often person-
centric, in other parts of the world attitudes depend more on ___ such as
social norms, others' expectations, roles, and obligations.
persuasion changing someones attitude
Two routes to persuasion central route and peripheral route
central route to persuasion influenced by the strength and quality of the arguments
peripheral route persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's
attractiveness
CORRECT Answers
attitudes postive/negative reactions to people, things and ideas
four reactions to attitude objects positive attitude, dual attitudes (ambivalence), indifference, negative attitude
attitude scales self report scales; Better describes someones true attitude toward something
because it provides a range (not just like/dislike)
Likert Scale (Rensis Likert) The most widely used tactic for determining attitudes; a numerical scale used
to assess attitudes; includes a set of possible answers with labeled anchors on
each extreme (extremely dislike, dislike, neutral, like, extremely like)
Bogus pipeline use something like a lie detector test (or at least say you are) so tat subjects self
report honestly
covert measures measures that are not directly under a person's control: observe reactions,
behavior, facial expressions, etc.
monitoring bodily functions pupil dilation, sweat, etc. show how intense of an attitude we have toward
something but not if its positive or negative
facial electromyograph an electronic instrument that records facial muscle activity associated with
emotions and attitudes
recorded facial EMG how did Cacioppo and Petty find that non-visible muscle contractions in the
cheeks happened when someone agreed with a statement and contractions in
the brow occurred when someone disagreed?
inconsistency Cacioppo found that brain waves were a result of _________ increased more
when something someone disliked popped up after a string of things they did
like and vice versa
, Implicit Association Test (IAT) A computer-driven assessment of implicit attitudes. The test uses reaction times
to measure people's automatic associations between attitude objects and
evaluative words. Easier pairings (and faster responses) are taken to indicate
stronger unconscious associations.
implicit attitudes Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious (we
don't know we feel that way)
true there is correlational data that suggests that attitudes are inherited. true or
false?
personal experience our most cherished attitudes typically result from ___________________
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a
bell (neutral stimulus creates attitude because of experience)
evaluative conditioning the process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of
its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing
Richard LaPiere conducted a study in the 30s when racial tensions against asian Americans
were high. He took an Asian couple to over 250 restaurants, campgrounds, etc.
and they were given service everywhere except one place. He then wrote to
all of those businesses asking if they serve Asian Americans and 90% said they
didn't. This proved attitudes don't always influence behavior (study was flawed)
Ajzen's theory of planned behavior 1) behavior is influenced less by general attitudes than by attitudes toward a
specific behavior 2) behavior is influenced not only by attitudes but by
subjective norms- our beliefs about what others think we should do 3) attitudes
give rise to behavior only when we perceive the behavior to be within our
control 4) although attitudes contribute to an intention to behave in a particular
manner, people often do not or cannot follow through on their intentions
Theories of Reasoned Action specific attitudes + social pressure = behavior
factors that determine strength of attitudes (1) directly affected their own self-interests; (2) related to deeply held
philosophical, political, and religious values; and (3) were of concern to their
close friends, family, and social ingroups.
contextual factors have observed that whereas Western views of attitudes are often person-
centric, in other parts of the world attitudes depend more on ___ such as
social norms, others' expectations, roles, and obligations.
persuasion changing someones attitude
Two routes to persuasion central route and peripheral route
central route to persuasion influenced by the strength and quality of the arguments
peripheral route persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's
attractiveness
