RLS 100 Final Exam F25 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What are the two perspectives on human nature that emphasize either work or play? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Homo Faber, Homo Ludens
What is Homo Faber? - CORRECT ANSWER -humans are "makers"; work is what defines us and
sets us apart from other species.
What is Homo Ludens? - CORRECT ANSWER -humans are "players"; play/leisure is a necessary
condition of human culture and meaning.
Trends in work - CORRECT ANSWER -(In the US) Productivity has increased 246% since 1950,
although hourly compensation has gone up only 117%. (2022) On average, Canadian adults worked 40
hours per week in their full-time jobs
Oct. 2025 Happiness at Work Index Highlights (By generation) - CORRECT ANSWER -National
Work Happiness Score: 6.9/10. Generational Snapshot: -Boomers: 7.0/10. -Gen-X: 6.8/10. -Millennials:
6.4/10. -Gen-Z: 6.3/10
Oct. 2025 Happiness at Work Index Highlights (By province) - CORRECT ANSWER -National
Work Happiness Score: 6.9/10. -Regional Snapshot. -British Columbia: 7.0/10. -Québec: 7.0/10. -Atlantic
Canada: 7.0/10. -Ontario: 6.9/10. -Sask/Manitoba: 6.8/10. -Alberta: 6.7/10
United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 24) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.
Describe the three perspectives of the leisure VS work argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Pro
work, Pro Leisure, and Neutral Perspective
,Pro-Leisure Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Leisure is fundamental to the
human condition, and is the antidote to the negative effects of work.
Pro-Leisure Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -"Leisure time increases well-being. -Too much
work is harmful to the individual
-Work Addiction" - CORRECT ANSWER -
Work Addiction/Workaholism - CORRECT ANSWER -A compulsion to work that leads to
impairments in other important life areas. It helps society, but can harm the individual and their family.
Has positives (high work motivation/efficiency), but has more negatives (depression and anxiety)
Myths for Work Addiction - CORRECT ANSWER -Work addiction is similar to other behavioural
addictions (e.g., gambling, shopping, etc.). -There are only psychosocial consequences of work addiction.
-Work addiction only occurs in adulthood. -Work addiction is a function of the time spent engaging in
work
Facts for Work Addiction - CORRECT ANSWER -Work addiction is a different type of
behavioural addiction because it is related to one of the most important social roles of an adult. -Evidence
shows work addiction is linked to life illnesses, including cardiovascular disease. -Study addiction can be
a precursor of work addiction, common in high school and university students.
Pro-Work Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Work is ennobling, and we can
become the best versions of ourselves through it. Work is often a major part of our identities and the most
important aspect of our lives (i.e. central life interest)
What does work give us? - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes: Financial rewards. Prestige. Sense of
identity. Social connectivity. Sense of productivity. Sense of contribution to society. Sense of meaning
What is a central life interest? - CORRECT ANSWER -the domain (such as work, family, or
leisure) that is most important to someone's sense of self and around which they organize their time,
energy, and goals (e.g., a person who defines themself primarily through their career).
, Utopia (Burke) - CORRECT ANSWER -A community in which everyone plays at work and works
at play. Anything less would fail to satisfy me for long
Neutral Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -While work and leisure have
traditionally been viewed in opposition to one another and as distinct life domains, some researchers have
advocated that they can coexist with one another.
Border Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Views work and non-work as two distinct domains with a
flexible and/or permeable boundary between them. The border can be easy or hard to cross, depending on
the person, and people must cross the border multiple times per day.
What makes crossing the work and non-work border easy? - CORRECT ANSWER -"Schedules are
flexible,- Supervisors are supportive of non-work roles,- The culture is similar across domains (e.g.,
similar values at work and at home),- Commute and logistics are manageable."
What makes crossing the work and non-work border hard? - CORRECT ANSWER -"Long or
inflexible hours, shift work, or on-call expectations,- Very different norms (e.g., formal and hierarchical at
work vs informal at home),- High role conflict (e.g., being expected to be "always available" to both work
and family)."
What might be some permeations of work in the non-work domain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
answering work emails during dinner, taking work calls on vacation, mentally ruminating about deadlines
at home.
What might be some permeations of non-work in the work domain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
scrolling social media at your desk, texting friends during meetings, bringing family stress or fatigue into
job performance.
Four Methods for Blending Work and Leisure - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes: Organizational
Play, Gamification, Industrial Recreation and Exercise, and Work Breaks
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What are the two perspectives on human nature that emphasize either work or play? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Homo Faber, Homo Ludens
What is Homo Faber? - CORRECT ANSWER -humans are "makers"; work is what defines us and
sets us apart from other species.
What is Homo Ludens? - CORRECT ANSWER -humans are "players"; play/leisure is a necessary
condition of human culture and meaning.
Trends in work - CORRECT ANSWER -(In the US) Productivity has increased 246% since 1950,
although hourly compensation has gone up only 117%. (2022) On average, Canadian adults worked 40
hours per week in their full-time jobs
Oct. 2025 Happiness at Work Index Highlights (By generation) - CORRECT ANSWER -National
Work Happiness Score: 6.9/10. Generational Snapshot: -Boomers: 7.0/10. -Gen-X: 6.8/10. -Millennials:
6.4/10. -Gen-Z: 6.3/10
Oct. 2025 Happiness at Work Index Highlights (By province) - CORRECT ANSWER -National
Work Happiness Score: 6.9/10. -Regional Snapshot. -British Columbia: 7.0/10. -Québec: 7.0/10. -Atlantic
Canada: 7.0/10. -Ontario: 6.9/10. -Sask/Manitoba: 6.8/10. -Alberta: 6.7/10
United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 24) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.
Describe the three perspectives of the leisure VS work argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Pro
work, Pro Leisure, and Neutral Perspective
,Pro-Leisure Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Leisure is fundamental to the
human condition, and is the antidote to the negative effects of work.
Pro-Leisure Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -"Leisure time increases well-being. -Too much
work is harmful to the individual
-Work Addiction" - CORRECT ANSWER -
Work Addiction/Workaholism - CORRECT ANSWER -A compulsion to work that leads to
impairments in other important life areas. It helps society, but can harm the individual and their family.
Has positives (high work motivation/efficiency), but has more negatives (depression and anxiety)
Myths for Work Addiction - CORRECT ANSWER -Work addiction is similar to other behavioural
addictions (e.g., gambling, shopping, etc.). -There are only psychosocial consequences of work addiction.
-Work addiction only occurs in adulthood. -Work addiction is a function of the time spent engaging in
work
Facts for Work Addiction - CORRECT ANSWER -Work addiction is a different type of
behavioural addiction because it is related to one of the most important social roles of an adult. -Evidence
shows work addiction is linked to life illnesses, including cardiovascular disease. -Study addiction can be
a precursor of work addiction, common in high school and university students.
Pro-Work Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -Work is ennobling, and we can
become the best versions of ourselves through it. Work is often a major part of our identities and the most
important aspect of our lives (i.e. central life interest)
What does work give us? - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes: Financial rewards. Prestige. Sense of
identity. Social connectivity. Sense of productivity. Sense of contribution to society. Sense of meaning
What is a central life interest? - CORRECT ANSWER -the domain (such as work, family, or
leisure) that is most important to someone's sense of self and around which they organize their time,
energy, and goals (e.g., a person who defines themself primarily through their career).
, Utopia (Burke) - CORRECT ANSWER -A community in which everyone plays at work and works
at play. Anything less would fail to satisfy me for long
Neutral Perspective Major argument - CORRECT ANSWER -While work and leisure have
traditionally been viewed in opposition to one another and as distinct life domains, some researchers have
advocated that they can coexist with one another.
Border Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Views work and non-work as two distinct domains with a
flexible and/or permeable boundary between them. The border can be easy or hard to cross, depending on
the person, and people must cross the border multiple times per day.
What makes crossing the work and non-work border easy? - CORRECT ANSWER -"Schedules are
flexible,- Supervisors are supportive of non-work roles,- The culture is similar across domains (e.g.,
similar values at work and at home),- Commute and logistics are manageable."
What makes crossing the work and non-work border hard? - CORRECT ANSWER -"Long or
inflexible hours, shift work, or on-call expectations,- Very different norms (e.g., formal and hierarchical at
work vs informal at home),- High role conflict (e.g., being expected to be "always available" to both work
and family)."
What might be some permeations of work in the non-work domain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
answering work emails during dinner, taking work calls on vacation, mentally ruminating about deadlines
at home.
What might be some permeations of non-work in the work domain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
scrolling social media at your desk, texting friends during meetings, bringing family stress or fatigue into
job performance.
Four Methods for Blending Work and Leisure - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes: Organizational
Play, Gamification, Industrial Recreation and Exercise, and Work Breaks
