SLHS 420 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Briefly describe the shift from language-general to language-specific phonetic perception - CORRECT
ANSWER Approximate age range is 6-12 months. At this point infants can "discriminate a wide
range of phonetic contrasts, both those that are present in the language(s) they are exposed to and those
that are not phonemic in the language(s) in their ambient environment." lose for vowels first then
consonants
Language-general phonetic perception - CORRECT ANSWER between birth and 6 months, infants
can discriminate many different phonetic contrasts (not all, but most)
Why is Language-general phonetic perception universal? - CORRECT ANSWER because the
characteristics of speech perception for hearing infants are similar for all infants during this period,
regardless of language experience.
Briefly define what phonological awareness (PA) is, and what skills support the development of PA
abilities - CORRECT ANSWER PA is knowing that spoken words are composed of smaller units
such as syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes.
skills are important for developing phonological awareness abilities are speech perception and vocabulary
Infant Vocal Development: The phonation stage (0-2 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Reflexive
sounds
Phonation stage
Quasi-resonant vowels (QRVs)
Infant Vocal Development: The primitive articulation stage (1-4 months) - CORRECT
ANSWER Undifferentiated articulatory gesture
,Goo's are frequent; fully resonant vowels (FRWs) occasionally occur
/ooooooo/ and /aaaaaa/
Infant Vocal Development: Expansion stage (4-7 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Reciprocal
relationship between vocal tract and function
Raspberries and fully resonant vowels (FRWs)
Marginal babbling
Infant Vocal Development: Canonical Babbling (7-10 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Well-
formed utterances that sound like speech
Infant practices production of certain syllables
Uses sensory feedback to achieve consistency
Present by 11 months of age in children with typical speech development
E.g. babababa (CV) structure
Infant Vocal Development: Integrative Stage (10-18 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Child
continues to develop control of the respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal articulatory systems
Reduplicated and variegated babbling in combination with meaningful words
Jargon
, Marginal Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER Consonant sounds /m/ /p/ /b/ /d/ /n/
What "counts" as a child's first words? - CORRECT ANSWER First words are identified on the
basis of context. So if a child consistently produces the same sound when referring to a specific object,
and does not use it in other contexts, then it would count as a word. Otherwise, it would be considered
babbling.
What is relational analysis? Give at least one example. - CORRECT ANSWER the productions of
the child are analyzed in relation to the adult target and the expectation is that 70% of the consonants
produced by the child would be correct.
2-way, 5-way,
What is independent analysis? - CORRECT ANSWER considers the child's use of speech sounds
and word shapes independently of the adult target. Can be done with young children who produce both
babbling and first words.
Which analysis is best at an early age? Give examples of the type of analysis - CORRECT
ANSWER independent analysis
Phonetic inventory, phonetic repertoire, phonotactic repertoire (aka phonotactic repertoire
At what age are consonants mastered by typically developing English-speaking children? - CORRECT
ANSWER 9 years
Customary production - CORRECT ANSWER Child produces the phoneme correctly more often
than not
At least 51%
Mastery - CORRECT ANSWER Child produces the phoneme with almost or perfect accuracy
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Briefly describe the shift from language-general to language-specific phonetic perception - CORRECT
ANSWER Approximate age range is 6-12 months. At this point infants can "discriminate a wide
range of phonetic contrasts, both those that are present in the language(s) they are exposed to and those
that are not phonemic in the language(s) in their ambient environment." lose for vowels first then
consonants
Language-general phonetic perception - CORRECT ANSWER between birth and 6 months, infants
can discriminate many different phonetic contrasts (not all, but most)
Why is Language-general phonetic perception universal? - CORRECT ANSWER because the
characteristics of speech perception for hearing infants are similar for all infants during this period,
regardless of language experience.
Briefly define what phonological awareness (PA) is, and what skills support the development of PA
abilities - CORRECT ANSWER PA is knowing that spoken words are composed of smaller units
such as syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes.
skills are important for developing phonological awareness abilities are speech perception and vocabulary
Infant Vocal Development: The phonation stage (0-2 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Reflexive
sounds
Phonation stage
Quasi-resonant vowels (QRVs)
Infant Vocal Development: The primitive articulation stage (1-4 months) - CORRECT
ANSWER Undifferentiated articulatory gesture
,Goo's are frequent; fully resonant vowels (FRWs) occasionally occur
/ooooooo/ and /aaaaaa/
Infant Vocal Development: Expansion stage (4-7 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Reciprocal
relationship between vocal tract and function
Raspberries and fully resonant vowels (FRWs)
Marginal babbling
Infant Vocal Development: Canonical Babbling (7-10 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Well-
formed utterances that sound like speech
Infant practices production of certain syllables
Uses sensory feedback to achieve consistency
Present by 11 months of age in children with typical speech development
E.g. babababa (CV) structure
Infant Vocal Development: Integrative Stage (10-18 months) - CORRECT ANSWER Child
continues to develop control of the respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal articulatory systems
Reduplicated and variegated babbling in combination with meaningful words
Jargon
, Marginal Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER Consonant sounds /m/ /p/ /b/ /d/ /n/
What "counts" as a child's first words? - CORRECT ANSWER First words are identified on the
basis of context. So if a child consistently produces the same sound when referring to a specific object,
and does not use it in other contexts, then it would count as a word. Otherwise, it would be considered
babbling.
What is relational analysis? Give at least one example. - CORRECT ANSWER the productions of
the child are analyzed in relation to the adult target and the expectation is that 70% of the consonants
produced by the child would be correct.
2-way, 5-way,
What is independent analysis? - CORRECT ANSWER considers the child's use of speech sounds
and word shapes independently of the adult target. Can be done with young children who produce both
babbling and first words.
Which analysis is best at an early age? Give examples of the type of analysis - CORRECT
ANSWER independent analysis
Phonetic inventory, phonetic repertoire, phonotactic repertoire (aka phonotactic repertoire
At what age are consonants mastered by typically developing English-speaking children? - CORRECT
ANSWER 9 years
Customary production - CORRECT ANSWER Child produces the phoneme correctly more often
than not
At least 51%
Mastery - CORRECT ANSWER Child produces the phoneme with almost or perfect accuracy
