Social Psychology-Chapter 9: Attraction and Close
Relationships UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is beautiful is good stereotype" -Possible extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to be in the company of people who
are aesthetically appealing.
-Tendency to associate physical attractiveness with other desirable qualities
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Need for Affiliation The desire to establish social contact with others. Stress arouses our need for
affiliation.
Shyness Inborn personality trait. Learned reaction to failed interactions with others.
Consequences of Shyness -Negative self evaluations, expectations of failure in social encounters
-Self-blame for social failures
-Self-imposed isolation.
The Agony of Loneliness -A feeling of deprivation about social relations.
-Most likely to occur during times of transition or disruption.
-Loneliest group in American society are those 18 to 30 years old
Perspectives on Attraction -We are attracted to others with whom a relationship is directly or indirectly
rewarding.
-All humans exhibit patterns of attraction and mate selection that favor the
conception, birth, and survival of their offspring (evolutionary perspective)
Familiarity Two basic and necessary factors in the attraction process: Proximity effect and
the Mere exposure effect. Familiarity can influence our self-evaluations.
The Proximity Effect The single best predicator of attraction. Where we live influences the friends
we make.
Ex. College students tend to date those who live either nearby or in the same
type of housing as they do.
The Mere Exposure Effect Contrary to folk wisdom, familiarity does not breed contempt. The more often
we are exposed to a stimulus, the more we come to like that stimulus.
Physical Attractiveness We react more favorably to those who are physically attractive than to those
who are not. Bias for beauty is pervasive.
Is Beauty an Objective Quality? Some argue that certain faces are inherently more attractive than others:
-High Levels of agreement for facial ratings across ages and cultures
-Physical features of the face are reliably associated with judgements of
attractiveness
-Babies prefer faces considered attractive by adults.
, Is the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype Accurate? -Good-looking people do have more friends, better social skills, and a more
active sex life.
-But beauty is not related to objective measures of intelligence, personality,
adjustment, or self-esteem.
-The specific nature of the stereotype also depends on cultural conceptions of
what is "good."
First Encounters: Getting Acquainted We tend to associate with others who are similar to ourselves.
Four types of similarity are most relevant:
-Demographic
-Attitude
-Attractiveness
-Subjective Experience
Matching Hypothesis -People tend to become involved romantically with others who are equivalent
in their physical attractiveness
-Matching is predictive of progress in a relationship
First Encounters: Liking Others Who Like Us -Heider(1958): People prefer relationships that are psychologically balanced.
-A state of balance exists when the relationship is characterized by reciprocity.
-Liking is mutual, which is why we tend to like others who indicate that they like
us.
Intimate Relationships Often involve three basic components:
-feelings of attachment, affection, and love
-The fullfillment of psychological needs
-Interdependence between partners, each of whom has a meaningful influence
on the other
Equity Theory Most content with a relationship when the ratio between the benefits and
contributions is similar for both partners. Balance counts.
Exchange Relationships Participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions
Communal Relationships Participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other's needs
Attachment Style The way a person typically interacts with significant others
Lee's Love Styles Primary and Secondary Styles of Love
Primary Love Styles Eros: Erotic love
Ludus: Playful uncommitted love
Storge: Friendship love
Secondary Love Styles Mania: Demanding and possessive love
Pragma: Pragmatic love
Agape: Other-oriented, altruistic love
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love Companionate Love: Intimacy+Commitment
Romantic Love:
Intimacy+Passion
Fatuous Love:
Passion+Commitment
Relationships UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is beautiful is good stereotype" -Possible extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to be in the company of people who
are aesthetically appealing.
-Tendency to associate physical attractiveness with other desirable qualities
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Need for Affiliation The desire to establish social contact with others. Stress arouses our need for
affiliation.
Shyness Inborn personality trait. Learned reaction to failed interactions with others.
Consequences of Shyness -Negative self evaluations, expectations of failure in social encounters
-Self-blame for social failures
-Self-imposed isolation.
The Agony of Loneliness -A feeling of deprivation about social relations.
-Most likely to occur during times of transition or disruption.
-Loneliest group in American society are those 18 to 30 years old
Perspectives on Attraction -We are attracted to others with whom a relationship is directly or indirectly
rewarding.
-All humans exhibit patterns of attraction and mate selection that favor the
conception, birth, and survival of their offspring (evolutionary perspective)
Familiarity Two basic and necessary factors in the attraction process: Proximity effect and
the Mere exposure effect. Familiarity can influence our self-evaluations.
The Proximity Effect The single best predicator of attraction. Where we live influences the friends
we make.
Ex. College students tend to date those who live either nearby or in the same
type of housing as they do.
The Mere Exposure Effect Contrary to folk wisdom, familiarity does not breed contempt. The more often
we are exposed to a stimulus, the more we come to like that stimulus.
Physical Attractiveness We react more favorably to those who are physically attractive than to those
who are not. Bias for beauty is pervasive.
Is Beauty an Objective Quality? Some argue that certain faces are inherently more attractive than others:
-High Levels of agreement for facial ratings across ages and cultures
-Physical features of the face are reliably associated with judgements of
attractiveness
-Babies prefer faces considered attractive by adults.
, Is the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype Accurate? -Good-looking people do have more friends, better social skills, and a more
active sex life.
-But beauty is not related to objective measures of intelligence, personality,
adjustment, or self-esteem.
-The specific nature of the stereotype also depends on cultural conceptions of
what is "good."
First Encounters: Getting Acquainted We tend to associate with others who are similar to ourselves.
Four types of similarity are most relevant:
-Demographic
-Attitude
-Attractiveness
-Subjective Experience
Matching Hypothesis -People tend to become involved romantically with others who are equivalent
in their physical attractiveness
-Matching is predictive of progress in a relationship
First Encounters: Liking Others Who Like Us -Heider(1958): People prefer relationships that are psychologically balanced.
-A state of balance exists when the relationship is characterized by reciprocity.
-Liking is mutual, which is why we tend to like others who indicate that they like
us.
Intimate Relationships Often involve three basic components:
-feelings of attachment, affection, and love
-The fullfillment of psychological needs
-Interdependence between partners, each of whom has a meaningful influence
on the other
Equity Theory Most content with a relationship when the ratio between the benefits and
contributions is similar for both partners. Balance counts.
Exchange Relationships Participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions
Communal Relationships Participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other's needs
Attachment Style The way a person typically interacts with significant others
Lee's Love Styles Primary and Secondary Styles of Love
Primary Love Styles Eros: Erotic love
Ludus: Playful uncommitted love
Storge: Friendship love
Secondary Love Styles Mania: Demanding and possessive love
Pragma: Pragmatic love
Agape: Other-oriented, altruistic love
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love Companionate Love: Intimacy+Commitment
Romantic Love:
Intimacy+Passion
Fatuous Love:
Passion+Commitment
