Page 1 of 27
RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AS AT 3-MAY-2026
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
What is experimental research?
A. A bond or a connection between two or more variables
B. An approach to collecting and analyzing qualitative data that aims to
develop theories about social psychological processes grounded in real-world
observations
C. Studies in which the researcher collects data without introducing an
intervention
D. Research using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the
independent variable by randomly assigning people to different treatment
groups
D. Research using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the
independent variable by randomly assigning people to different treatment groups
What is a confounding variable?
A. The extent to which a measurement is free from measurement error
B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds
the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
C. Procedures used to hold constant confounding influences on the outcome
under study
D. A quality criterion referring to the degree to which inferences made in a
study are accurate and well-founded
B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds the
relationship between the independent and dependent variable
The constructivist paradigm is associated with what type of research method?
A. Quantitative research
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B. Nonexperimental research
C. Qualitative research
D. Randomized control trials
C. Qualitative research
What is an assumption of the positivist paradigm?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomenon are
not haphazard but rather have antecedent causes
B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with tight
controls over the research situation to test hunches about the nature of
phenomena being studied and relationships among them
C. Reality is out there and can be studied and known
D. All of the answers are correct
D. All of the answers are correct
What is an assumption of qualitative research?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomena are not
haphazard but rather have antecedent causes
B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with type
controls over the research situation to test hunches about the nature of
phenomena being studied and relationships among them
C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction of the people
participating in the research; reality exists with a context, and many
constructions are possible
D. All of the above
C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction of the people participating in
the research; reality exists with a context, and many constructions are possible
Select all that apply: what are some commonalities between the positivist and
constructivist paradigms?
A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
E. Randomized control trials
A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
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C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
What is a sample?
A. An abstraction based on observation or self-reporting of behaviors or
characteristics
B. A recurring regularity emerging from an analysis of qualitative data
C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
D. The entire set of individuals or objects having some common
characteristics
C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
Why is blinding in a study important?
A. By preventing those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents,
data collectors, or health care providers) from having information that could
lead to a bias
B. By transferring the results to other populations
C. By accounting for confounding variables
D. By giving all involved in a research study a placebo
A. By preventing those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents, data
collectors, or health care providers) from having information that could lead to a bias
Select all that apply: which components would be part of the introduction of an
article?
A. Clinical and research implications
B. Study limitations
C. A brief review of the literature
D. The central phenomena, concepts, or variables under study
E. The study purpose and research questions or hypotheses
C. A brief review of the literature
D. The central phenomena, concepts, or variables under study
E. The study purpose and research questions or hypotheses
What would a p-value less than .05 indicate? (p<.05)
A. Only 5 times out of 100 with the obtained result be incorrect or 95 out of 100
times similar results would be obtained from a new sample
B. Only 1 time out of 1000 with the obtained result be incorrect or 999 out of
100 times similar results would be obtained from a new sample
RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AS AT 3-MAY-2026
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
What is experimental research?
A. A bond or a connection between two or more variables
B. An approach to collecting and analyzing qualitative data that aims to
develop theories about social psychological processes grounded in real-world
observations
C. Studies in which the researcher collects data without introducing an
intervention
D. Research using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the
independent variable by randomly assigning people to different treatment
groups
D. Research using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the
independent variable by randomly assigning people to different treatment groups
What is a confounding variable?
A. The extent to which a measurement is free from measurement error
B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds
the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
C. Procedures used to hold constant confounding influences on the outcome
under study
D. A quality criterion referring to the degree to which inferences made in a
study are accurate and well-founded
B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds the
relationship between the independent and dependent variable
The constructivist paradigm is associated with what type of research method?
A. Quantitative research
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B. Nonexperimental research
C. Qualitative research
D. Randomized control trials
C. Qualitative research
What is an assumption of the positivist paradigm?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomenon are
not haphazard but rather have antecedent causes
B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with tight
controls over the research situation to test hunches about the nature of
phenomena being studied and relationships among them
C. Reality is out there and can be studied and known
D. All of the answers are correct
D. All of the answers are correct
What is an assumption of qualitative research?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomena are not
haphazard but rather have antecedent causes
B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with type
controls over the research situation to test hunches about the nature of
phenomena being studied and relationships among them
C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction of the people
participating in the research; reality exists with a context, and many
constructions are possible
D. All of the above
C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction of the people participating in
the research; reality exists with a context, and many constructions are possible
Select all that apply: what are some commonalities between the positivist and
constructivist paradigms?
A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
E. Randomized control trials
A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
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C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
What is a sample?
A. An abstraction based on observation or self-reporting of behaviors or
characteristics
B. A recurring regularity emerging from an analysis of qualitative data
C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
D. The entire set of individuals or objects having some common
characteristics
C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
Why is blinding in a study important?
A. By preventing those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents,
data collectors, or health care providers) from having information that could
lead to a bias
B. By transferring the results to other populations
C. By accounting for confounding variables
D. By giving all involved in a research study a placebo
A. By preventing those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents, data
collectors, or health care providers) from having information that could lead to a bias
Select all that apply: which components would be part of the introduction of an
article?
A. Clinical and research implications
B. Study limitations
C. A brief review of the literature
D. The central phenomena, concepts, or variables under study
E. The study purpose and research questions or hypotheses
C. A brief review of the literature
D. The central phenomena, concepts, or variables under study
E. The study purpose and research questions or hypotheses
What would a p-value less than .05 indicate? (p<.05)
A. Only 5 times out of 100 with the obtained result be incorrect or 95 out of 100
times similar results would be obtained from a new sample
B. Only 1 time out of 1000 with the obtained result be incorrect or 999 out of
100 times similar results would be obtained from a new sample
