UIUC - PSYC 475 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Correlation coefficient (2) - tells about relationship between two variables
- equal to standardized covariance
Correlation coefficient limitations (3) - range restriction
- outlier
- functional form between two variables (linear, curvilinear, quadratic)
Nominal scales (2) - numbers represent categories (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity)
- % of people in different categories
Ordinal scales (2) - numbers signify an ordering (e.g., B is better than A)
- range or difference between highest and lowest score
Interval scales (2) - distance between numbers is meaningful (e.g., B scored 10pts higher than A)
- variance and standard deviations (both tell us how spread out the data is)
Ratio scales (2) - distance between numbers AND zero point are meaningful(e.g., B produced
1.5 times as many products as A)
- variance and standard deviations (both tell us how spread out the data is)
R^2, Coefficient of determination (3) - The proportion of variance in Y that is predictable from X(s)
- Ranges from 0 to 1
- Equal to the square of the correlation between X and Y in simple linear
regression
Restriction of range observed sample data not available across entire range of interest (e.g., height
of basketball players not representative of general population)
Classical test theory (2) - Helps understand the properties of tests
- Observed score = True score + Error
Reliability in CTT (2) - Reliability = true score variance/total observed variance
- Reliability = 1 - error variance/total observed variance
construct (latent variable) Unobservable variable that we think we are measuring with the manifest
variable (e.g., OCB-I)
Test-retest reliability (3) - give test to group at time 1
- wait a while, then give same test at time 2
- correlate scores from times 1 and 2
Interrater reliability (3) - to what extent are scores similar/different between multiple raters of the same
thing
- never perfect
- may offer insight into rater characteristics
, Internal consistency (2) - to what extent are items on a test correlated with each other
- evaluated w/ Cronbach's alpha: want values greater than .70
Observed (manifest) variable Something we can see and measure (e.g., number of times you volunteered to
help newcomers)
Standard deviation (2) - square root of the variance
- interval/ratio scales only
Cronbach's coefficient α Main statistic used to estimate internal consistency
Variance (3) - reflect how spread out data points are
- larger = more spread, more variability
- smaller = more condensed, less variability
Confidence interval Range of values in which true value will fall 95% of the time
Positive skew (2) - curve is stretched right (towards positive values)
- mode < median < mean
Negative skew (2) - curve is stretched left (towards negative values)
- mean < median < mode
Normal Distribution mean = median = mode
ASA model Attraction, Selection, Attrition
Job embeddedness (2) - Psychological attachment to the job goes beyond the attributes of the job
and organization
- Takes into account total life space
Internal Recruiting Benefits (3) - shorter start-up time
- much more info on probability of success
- less costly
Employee Engagement Involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work
Methods of internal recruitment (3) - closed internal recruitment
- open internal recruitment
- selection system
Job satisfaction - multi-faceted, satisfaction with: pay, promotions, supervision, coworkers, the
work itself
- Job Descriptive Index (JDI)
Yield ratio - Refers to how many people are accepted out of various applicant pools
- How efficient is your recruiting method?
Components of Org. Commitment (3) - Affective
- Continuance
- Normative
Search firms - Specialized employment agencies that work for companies
- Charge 35% of first year's salary
CORRECT Answers
Correlation coefficient (2) - tells about relationship between two variables
- equal to standardized covariance
Correlation coefficient limitations (3) - range restriction
- outlier
- functional form between two variables (linear, curvilinear, quadratic)
Nominal scales (2) - numbers represent categories (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity)
- % of people in different categories
Ordinal scales (2) - numbers signify an ordering (e.g., B is better than A)
- range or difference between highest and lowest score
Interval scales (2) - distance between numbers is meaningful (e.g., B scored 10pts higher than A)
- variance and standard deviations (both tell us how spread out the data is)
Ratio scales (2) - distance between numbers AND zero point are meaningful(e.g., B produced
1.5 times as many products as A)
- variance and standard deviations (both tell us how spread out the data is)
R^2, Coefficient of determination (3) - The proportion of variance in Y that is predictable from X(s)
- Ranges from 0 to 1
- Equal to the square of the correlation between X and Y in simple linear
regression
Restriction of range observed sample data not available across entire range of interest (e.g., height
of basketball players not representative of general population)
Classical test theory (2) - Helps understand the properties of tests
- Observed score = True score + Error
Reliability in CTT (2) - Reliability = true score variance/total observed variance
- Reliability = 1 - error variance/total observed variance
construct (latent variable) Unobservable variable that we think we are measuring with the manifest
variable (e.g., OCB-I)
Test-retest reliability (3) - give test to group at time 1
- wait a while, then give same test at time 2
- correlate scores from times 1 and 2
Interrater reliability (3) - to what extent are scores similar/different between multiple raters of the same
thing
- never perfect
- may offer insight into rater characteristics
, Internal consistency (2) - to what extent are items on a test correlated with each other
- evaluated w/ Cronbach's alpha: want values greater than .70
Observed (manifest) variable Something we can see and measure (e.g., number of times you volunteered to
help newcomers)
Standard deviation (2) - square root of the variance
- interval/ratio scales only
Cronbach's coefficient α Main statistic used to estimate internal consistency
Variance (3) - reflect how spread out data points are
- larger = more spread, more variability
- smaller = more condensed, less variability
Confidence interval Range of values in which true value will fall 95% of the time
Positive skew (2) - curve is stretched right (towards positive values)
- mode < median < mean
Negative skew (2) - curve is stretched left (towards negative values)
- mean < median < mode
Normal Distribution mean = median = mode
ASA model Attraction, Selection, Attrition
Job embeddedness (2) - Psychological attachment to the job goes beyond the attributes of the job
and organization
- Takes into account total life space
Internal Recruiting Benefits (3) - shorter start-up time
- much more info on probability of success
- less costly
Employee Engagement Involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work
Methods of internal recruitment (3) - closed internal recruitment
- open internal recruitment
- selection system
Job satisfaction - multi-faceted, satisfaction with: pay, promotions, supervision, coworkers, the
work itself
- Job Descriptive Index (JDI)
Yield ratio - Refers to how many people are accepted out of various applicant pools
- How efficient is your recruiting method?
Components of Org. Commitment (3) - Affective
- Continuance
- Normative
Search firms - Specialized employment agencies that work for companies
- Charge 35% of first year's salary
