Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 |\ |\ |\ |\
EXAM 2 with correct answers
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Oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cancer causing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Proto-oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔promote |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal cell growth factor and division
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Oncogenes |\
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inhibit tumor |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
progression & prevent mutations |\ |\ |\
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oncogenes, tumor suppressor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
genes
,What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Gatekeepers & Caretakers
|\ |\ |\ |\
tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔encode
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair mutations
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
but if mutated will increase cancer risk
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Gatekeeper - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔regulate cell |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Caretaker - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔suppress gene
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mutation can occur |\ |\
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Inflammation increases free radicals and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pro-inflammatory cytokines
|\ |\ |\
, TP53 gene - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tumor suppressor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
4 functions of TNF - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1)cell survival
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2)cell proliferation |\
3) cell differentiation
|\ |\
4)cell death |\
CA therapy in relation to TNF - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Modulation of TNF/receptors |\ |\
tumor markers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔not used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tumor markers are produced by both - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔benign & malignant cells, increased levels
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
seen in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
|\ |\ |\
EXAM 2 with correct answers
|\ |\ |\ |\
Oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cancer causing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Proto-oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔promote |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal cell growth factor and division
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Oncogenes |\
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inhibit tumor |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
progression & prevent mutations |\ |\ |\
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oncogenes, tumor suppressor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
genes
,What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Gatekeepers & Caretakers
|\ |\ |\ |\
tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔encode
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair mutations
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
but if mutated will increase cancer risk
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Gatekeeper - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔regulate cell |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Caretaker - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔suppress gene
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mutation can occur |\ |\
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Inflammation increases free radicals and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pro-inflammatory cytokines
|\ |\ |\
, TP53 gene - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tumor suppressor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
4 functions of TNF - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1)cell survival
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2)cell proliferation |\
3) cell differentiation
|\ |\
4)cell death |\
CA therapy in relation to TNF - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Modulation of TNF/receptors |\ |\
tumor markers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔not used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tumor markers are produced by both - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔benign & malignant cells, increased levels
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
seen in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
|\ |\ |\
