Unit 1 Part 1 Psychology's History and
Approaches Current UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates
evidence, and assesses conclusions.
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER the idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that
observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener;
used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWER the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly
observe one's own psychological processes.
functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the
organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science
that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with (1)
but not with (2).
humanistic psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a historically significant perspective that
emphasized human growth potential.
psychometrics - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities,
attitudes, and traits.
, basic research - CORRECT ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base.
developmental psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that studies physical,
cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
educational psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of how psychological processes affect
and can enhance teaching and learning.
personality psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of individuals' characteristic patterns of
thinking, feeling, and acting.
social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of how we think about, influence,
and relate to one another.
applied research - CORRECT ANSWER scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the application of psychological
concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
human factors psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a field of psychology allied with I/O
psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments
can be made safe and easy to use.
counseling psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that assists people with
problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and
treats people with psychological disorders.
Approaches Current UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates
evidence, and assesses conclusions.
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER the idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that
observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener;
used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWER the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly
observe one's own psychological processes.
functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the
organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science
that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with (1)
but not with (2).
humanistic psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a historically significant perspective that
emphasized human growth potential.
psychometrics - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities,
attitudes, and traits.
, basic research - CORRECT ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base.
developmental psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that studies physical,
cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
educational psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of how psychological processes affect
and can enhance teaching and learning.
personality psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of individuals' characteristic patterns of
thinking, feeling, and acting.
social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of how we think about, influence,
and relate to one another.
applied research - CORRECT ANSWER scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the application of psychological
concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
human factors psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a field of psychology allied with I/O
psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments
can be made safe and easy to use.
counseling psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that assists people with
problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and
treats people with psychological disorders.
