UNIT 2: Intro to Developmental Psychology UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Bodily Growth and Change On average, boys and girls are similar; Boys are slightly taller and heavier
-- Rapid growth at first, but growth continuous and steads as they age like
puberty
Fine Motor Skills Using eye-hand and small-muscle coordination
By 4 to 5 years of age, most children can:
- Dress and undress themselves (Button and zipper)
- Use a fork and spoon
- Use pencil or crayon, copy simple shapes, draw a person with a body
Cross-Cultural Variations (Western vs. Asia) Children learn two styles: Western and traditional Chinese
A person, Winner, visited Chinese pre-schools, and Chinese preschools were
able to draw well
-- Children there are given lots of specific instructions, and learn different
positions, perspective, etc.
-- Traditional Chinese calligraphy
Emphasis to do well in drawing through practice, and feedback
Gross Motor Skills Involve large muscle groups, whole-body movements
-- Most children are not really able to join team sports, until they're at the age
of 6
- Formal lessons and organized activities --> Do these to get better
-- Children's developmental levels need to be considered
By 4 to 5 years of age, most children can:
- Balance on one foot for 10 sec or more, jump, climb
- Hop on one foot
- Skip, Kick a ball forward
,Deaths and Accidental Injuries In the United States:
- Most 4- to 6-year-olds are in very good or excellent health.
- Most child deaths are caused by accidental injury rather than illness.
Around the world:
- Deaths of children under 5 occur in poor, rural regions of Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia.
- Undernutrition causes stunting (growth failure) and wasting (underweight).
-- Malnutrition often co-occurs with environmental hazards, poverty, armed
conflict, poor prenatal care, and other stressors.
Food Insecurity Food insecurity: Insufficient amount and kind of food needed for a healthy life
-- Adversely affects children’s health, cognitive abilities and socioemotional
well being.
-- Food “deserts”
Programs that help:
-- National School Lunch Program
-- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
-- Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
(WIC)
,Nutrition and Health As kids grow more slowly, they usually don’t feel as hungry, so they eat less.
--Children’s eating becomes more influenced by social cues:
Ex) Foods presented in fast food restaurant wrappers – like those they see in
TV commercials – taste better than identical foods given to them in
unmarked containers.
-- Need to consider the social, economic, and cultural context of nutrition and
health.
Approximately 14% of 2- to 5-year-olds are obese.
-- Many children consume too many calories and too much fat, sugar, and salt,
not enough nutrients.
-- Try to introduce more healthier food
Preventing Overweight and Obesity Children 4 to 6 years of age should consume approximately 1,200 to 2,000
calories per day, depending on their activity level.
-- Healthy meals and snacks, including fresh fruits and vegetables.
-- Discuss nutritious choices while shopping for food.
-- Involve children in food preparation tasks that are appropriate for their age
and motor skills.
-- Eat meals together as a family and keep the TV off.
-- Make mealtimes pleasant, not focused on how much children are eating
-- Locate safe places to be physically active.
Physical Activity NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children)
recommends at least 60 minutes of outdoor activity play during each day.
In the U.S., many young children’s daily experience is far below these
guidelines. One study found that:
Indoors: Mostly Sedentary activities.
Outdoors: Children’s physical activities consisted of sitting or squatting, lying
down, and standing.-- outdoors are not that active
, Early Childhood Indicators of Progress: These standards help teachers and parents understand important skills
children develop in early childhood.
-- Physical and movement development
-- Language, literacy and communications
-- Mathematics
-- Scientific Thinking
--Social systems
-- Approaches to learning
--The arts
--Social and emotional development
When should children begin kindergarten? In Minnesota, children are ready for kindergarten when they:
❖ Are at least 5years old by September 1 of the enrollment year.
❖ Have received required immunizations.
❖ Have completed an early childhood developmental screening prior to
starting kindergarten. It is recommended for all children at age 3.
Intelligence Tests: Intelligence tests for young children contain items that
measure verbal and nonverbal performance.
*Schools need to be ready for children, regardless of their abilities*
Early Childhood Screening: Gross Motor Skills Some indicators of progress:
3-4 Years Old:
-- Kicks a medium-sized ball
-- Throws a large playground ball using two hands
-- Catches a large or medium ball by cradling in arms toward body
-- Peddles a tricycle
4-5 Years Old:
-- Walks up and down stairs holding handrail
-- Jumps off variable heights using a one-foot lead or with two feet
-- Gallops freely or in a game (one foot and a step-hop, other foot and a step-
hop)
-- Moves many times through an obstacle course: over, under and around
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Bodily Growth and Change On average, boys and girls are similar; Boys are slightly taller and heavier
-- Rapid growth at first, but growth continuous and steads as they age like
puberty
Fine Motor Skills Using eye-hand and small-muscle coordination
By 4 to 5 years of age, most children can:
- Dress and undress themselves (Button and zipper)
- Use a fork and spoon
- Use pencil or crayon, copy simple shapes, draw a person with a body
Cross-Cultural Variations (Western vs. Asia) Children learn two styles: Western and traditional Chinese
A person, Winner, visited Chinese pre-schools, and Chinese preschools were
able to draw well
-- Children there are given lots of specific instructions, and learn different
positions, perspective, etc.
-- Traditional Chinese calligraphy
Emphasis to do well in drawing through practice, and feedback
Gross Motor Skills Involve large muscle groups, whole-body movements
-- Most children are not really able to join team sports, until they're at the age
of 6
- Formal lessons and organized activities --> Do these to get better
-- Children's developmental levels need to be considered
By 4 to 5 years of age, most children can:
- Balance on one foot for 10 sec or more, jump, climb
- Hop on one foot
- Skip, Kick a ball forward
,Deaths and Accidental Injuries In the United States:
- Most 4- to 6-year-olds are in very good or excellent health.
- Most child deaths are caused by accidental injury rather than illness.
Around the world:
- Deaths of children under 5 occur in poor, rural regions of Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia.
- Undernutrition causes stunting (growth failure) and wasting (underweight).
-- Malnutrition often co-occurs with environmental hazards, poverty, armed
conflict, poor prenatal care, and other stressors.
Food Insecurity Food insecurity: Insufficient amount and kind of food needed for a healthy life
-- Adversely affects children’s health, cognitive abilities and socioemotional
well being.
-- Food “deserts”
Programs that help:
-- National School Lunch Program
-- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
-- Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
(WIC)
,Nutrition and Health As kids grow more slowly, they usually don’t feel as hungry, so they eat less.
--Children’s eating becomes more influenced by social cues:
Ex) Foods presented in fast food restaurant wrappers – like those they see in
TV commercials – taste better than identical foods given to them in
unmarked containers.
-- Need to consider the social, economic, and cultural context of nutrition and
health.
Approximately 14% of 2- to 5-year-olds are obese.
-- Many children consume too many calories and too much fat, sugar, and salt,
not enough nutrients.
-- Try to introduce more healthier food
Preventing Overweight and Obesity Children 4 to 6 years of age should consume approximately 1,200 to 2,000
calories per day, depending on their activity level.
-- Healthy meals and snacks, including fresh fruits and vegetables.
-- Discuss nutritious choices while shopping for food.
-- Involve children in food preparation tasks that are appropriate for their age
and motor skills.
-- Eat meals together as a family and keep the TV off.
-- Make mealtimes pleasant, not focused on how much children are eating
-- Locate safe places to be physically active.
Physical Activity NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children)
recommends at least 60 minutes of outdoor activity play during each day.
In the U.S., many young children’s daily experience is far below these
guidelines. One study found that:
Indoors: Mostly Sedentary activities.
Outdoors: Children’s physical activities consisted of sitting or squatting, lying
down, and standing.-- outdoors are not that active
, Early Childhood Indicators of Progress: These standards help teachers and parents understand important skills
children develop in early childhood.
-- Physical and movement development
-- Language, literacy and communications
-- Mathematics
-- Scientific Thinking
--Social systems
-- Approaches to learning
--The arts
--Social and emotional development
When should children begin kindergarten? In Minnesota, children are ready for kindergarten when they:
❖ Are at least 5years old by September 1 of the enrollment year.
❖ Have received required immunizations.
❖ Have completed an early childhood developmental screening prior to
starting kindergarten. It is recommended for all children at age 3.
Intelligence Tests: Intelligence tests for young children contain items that
measure verbal and nonverbal performance.
*Schools need to be ready for children, regardless of their abilities*
Early Childhood Screening: Gross Motor Skills Some indicators of progress:
3-4 Years Old:
-- Kicks a medium-sized ball
-- Throws a large playground ball using two hands
-- Catches a large or medium ball by cradling in arms toward body
-- Peddles a tricycle
4-5 Years Old:
-- Walks up and down stairs holding handrail
-- Jumps off variable heights using a one-foot lead or with two feet
-- Gallops freely or in a game (one foot and a step-hop, other foot and a step-
hop)
-- Moves many times through an obstacle course: over, under and around
