1|Page
HRIR3021 EXAM #3 STUDY GUIDE FALL.
LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026
# Section 1: Labor Relations Framework & Laws (1–15)
**1.** The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 (Wagner Act)
guarantees employees the right to:
A) Form, join, or assist labor unions and engage in collective bargaining
B) Refuse to pay union dues under any circumstances
C) Strike without any notice during the term of a contract
D) Replace striking workers permanently
**Answer:** A
**Rationale:** Section 7 of the NLRA protects employees’ rights to
organize, bargain collectively, and engage in other concerted activities.
**2.** The Taft-Hartley Act (1947) amended the NLRA by:
A) Expanding union organizing rights
B) Adding unfair labor practices for unions (e.g., secondary boycotts,
closed shops) and allowing states to pass right-to-work laws
C) Abolishing the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
D) Requiring mandatory arbitration for all disputes
,2|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Taft-Hartley balanced Wagner Act by restricting union
power; Section 14(b) permits right-to-work laws.
**3.** Which of the following is a protected *concerted activity* under
Section 7 of the NLRA?
A) Two employees discussing unsafe working conditions with
management
B) An employee acting alone for purely personal grievances
C) Sabotaging company equipment
D) Threatening violence against a supervisor
**Answer:** A
**Rationale:** Concerted activity involves two or more employees
acting together to improve working conditions; individual gripes are
generally not protected.
**4.** The *exclusive representative* principle means:
A) An employer can bargain with multiple unions simultaneously
B) The certified union represents all employees in the bargaining unit,
regardless of union membership
C) Only union members can vote in representation elections
D) Employers must accept all union proposals
,3|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Exclusive representation (NLRA Section 9(a)) – union
bargains for all unit employees, including nonmembers (with agency fee
allowed in non-right-to-work states).
**5.** A *right-to-work* law prohibits:
A) All forms of union activity
B) Union security agreements (e.g., requiring union membership or dues
as a condition of employment)
C) Strikes by public employees
D) Employer lockouts
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Section 14(b) allows states to outlaw union shop or
agency shop; employees cannot be forced to join or pay dues.
**6.** Which federal agency investigates and remedies unfair labor
practices (ULPs)?
A) Department of Labor (DOL)
B) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
C) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
D) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
, 4|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** NLRB has two functions: prosecuting ULPs (General
Counsel) and adjudicating cases (Board members).
**7.** A *certification* of union representation is generally binding for:
A) 6 months
B) 1 year (by law, no new election for 12 months under the NLRA)
C) 3 years
D) Permanently unless decertified
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** NLRA Section 9(c)(3) bars another election for 12
months following certification.
**8.** The Railway Labor Act (RLA) governs labor relations in:
A) All private sector industries
B) Airlines and railroads only
C) Only public sector employees
D) Agricultural workers
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** RLA (1926) covers railroads and airlines; different
bargaining and mediation procedures than NLRA.
HRIR3021 EXAM #3 STUDY GUIDE FALL.
LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026
# Section 1: Labor Relations Framework & Laws (1–15)
**1.** The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 (Wagner Act)
guarantees employees the right to:
A) Form, join, or assist labor unions and engage in collective bargaining
B) Refuse to pay union dues under any circumstances
C) Strike without any notice during the term of a contract
D) Replace striking workers permanently
**Answer:** A
**Rationale:** Section 7 of the NLRA protects employees’ rights to
organize, bargain collectively, and engage in other concerted activities.
**2.** The Taft-Hartley Act (1947) amended the NLRA by:
A) Expanding union organizing rights
B) Adding unfair labor practices for unions (e.g., secondary boycotts,
closed shops) and allowing states to pass right-to-work laws
C) Abolishing the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
D) Requiring mandatory arbitration for all disputes
,2|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Taft-Hartley balanced Wagner Act by restricting union
power; Section 14(b) permits right-to-work laws.
**3.** Which of the following is a protected *concerted activity* under
Section 7 of the NLRA?
A) Two employees discussing unsafe working conditions with
management
B) An employee acting alone for purely personal grievances
C) Sabotaging company equipment
D) Threatening violence against a supervisor
**Answer:** A
**Rationale:** Concerted activity involves two or more employees
acting together to improve working conditions; individual gripes are
generally not protected.
**4.** The *exclusive representative* principle means:
A) An employer can bargain with multiple unions simultaneously
B) The certified union represents all employees in the bargaining unit,
regardless of union membership
C) Only union members can vote in representation elections
D) Employers must accept all union proposals
,3|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Exclusive representation (NLRA Section 9(a)) – union
bargains for all unit employees, including nonmembers (with agency fee
allowed in non-right-to-work states).
**5.** A *right-to-work* law prohibits:
A) All forms of union activity
B) Union security agreements (e.g., requiring union membership or dues
as a condition of employment)
C) Strikes by public employees
D) Employer lockouts
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** Section 14(b) allows states to outlaw union shop or
agency shop; employees cannot be forced to join or pay dues.
**6.** Which federal agency investigates and remedies unfair labor
practices (ULPs)?
A) Department of Labor (DOL)
B) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
C) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
D) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
, 4|Page
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** NLRB has two functions: prosecuting ULPs (General
Counsel) and adjudicating cases (Board members).
**7.** A *certification* of union representation is generally binding for:
A) 6 months
B) 1 year (by law, no new election for 12 months under the NLRA)
C) 3 years
D) Permanently unless decertified
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** NLRA Section 9(c)(3) bars another election for 12
months following certification.
**8.** The Railway Labor Act (RLA) governs labor relations in:
A) All private sector industries
B) Airlines and railroads only
C) Only public sector employees
D) Agricultural workers
**Answer:** B
**Rationale:** RLA (1926) covers railroads and airlines; different
bargaining and mediation procedures than NLRA.
