UNRS 402: Comprehensive Obstetric Labor,
Fetal Monitoring, and Complication Guide
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Passenger The fetus; size, presentation, lie, and position
affect labor.
Passageway Birth canal; pelvic shape and soft tissues (cervix,
vagina, perineum).
Powers Contractions; primary: uterine contractions,
secondary: maternal pushing efforts.
Position Maternal posture; upright, squatting,
hands/knees improve labor efficiency.
Psyche Maternal emotional state; anxiety, stress, and fear
can slow labor by increasing catecholamines.
Fetal Lie Relationship of fetal spine to maternal spine;
longitudinal vs transverse.
Presentation Fetal part entering the pelvis first; cephalic or
breech.
Leopold Maneuvers Purpose: determine fetal position, presentation,
and lie by abdominal palpation.
Dilation 0-10 cm.
, Effacement Thinning of cervix, 0-100%.
Fetal Monitoring, and Complication Guide
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Passenger The fetus; size, presentation, lie, and position
affect labor.
Passageway Birth canal; pelvic shape and soft tissues (cervix,
vagina, perineum).
Powers Contractions; primary: uterine contractions,
secondary: maternal pushing efforts.
Position Maternal posture; upright, squatting,
hands/knees improve labor efficiency.
Psyche Maternal emotional state; anxiety, stress, and fear
can slow labor by increasing catecholamines.
Fetal Lie Relationship of fetal spine to maternal spine;
longitudinal vs transverse.
Presentation Fetal part entering the pelvis first; cephalic or
breech.
Leopold Maneuvers Purpose: determine fetal position, presentation,
and lie by abdominal palpation.
Dilation 0-10 cm.
, Effacement Thinning of cervix, 0-100%.
