West- E ELL UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
acculturation blending of two or more cultures.
i.e., "facilitating students' acculturation to U.S. culture"
enculturation the process by which we learn our own culture
i.e., "supporting students' enculturation in their native culture"
deculturalization dismantling a person's culture while forcing them to accept another
assimilation the process by which an ethnic minority sacrifices their own culture in order to
integrate into another
cultural pluralism more than one culture, or when one keeps their first culture while in another
culture
cultural relativism seeing another's culture from that cultural perspective - not one's own values,
beliefs, etc.
cultural diffusion the spread of cultural beliefs from one group to another
phonology the study of speech sounds in language
phonetics study of the sounds of a language
morphology study of how words are formed
bound morpheme isn't a word on it's own; it's "bound" to a root (i.e., pre- or suffix)
free morpheme root words or words that can't get smaller
semantics meaning of words and sentences.
pragmatics the study of how context contributes to meaning
syntax how words are ordered in a sentence
orthography the conventional spelling system of a language
logographic a language that uses symbols to represent a complete word or morpheme.
Chinese is an excellent example.
syllabic a writing system based on syllables - units of speech sound
, Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) Day-to-day language needed to interact socially with other people.
They occur in a meaningful social context.
Takes six months to two years to learn
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) Formal academic learning.
Includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about content area
Takes five to seven years to develop
Not just vocab; it includes skills such as comparing, classifying, synthesizing,
evaluating, and inferring.
It is context reduced — read in a textbook or presented by the teacher
sociolinguistic competence can use appropriate language in a given situation
discourse competence the ability to start, enter, contribute to, and end a conversation
strategic competence the ability to communicate effectively and solve problems
register the kind of language used in different situations; how informal/formal the
conversation
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis the idea that language influences culture and perspective, such as how sexist
language influences the way we view men and women
i.e. 'fireman,' 'policeman,' and 'male nurse.'
universal grammar proposed by Noam Chomsky - people are born with an innate ability to
acquire language
input hypothesis we are only able to acquire language when we are exposed to input (written or
spoken language) that is comprehensible to us
monitor hypothesis the acquired system is affected by the learned system: applying the
understanding of learned grammar to edit, plan, and initiate communication
top-down approach uses background information to predict the meaning of language they are
going to listen to or read - general to specific progression
bottom-up approach an approach that starts with specifics (phonics, letters, vowels and syllables)
which are the building blocks of language - specific to general progression
Grammar Translation Method a method that focuses on teaching grammar and vocabulary - learners
translate text into their own language
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Acquisition - unconscious or natural process of developing proficiency in
another language
Learning - conscious process of developing proficiency in another language
based on language structures and vocabulary
Answers
acculturation blending of two or more cultures.
i.e., "facilitating students' acculturation to U.S. culture"
enculturation the process by which we learn our own culture
i.e., "supporting students' enculturation in their native culture"
deculturalization dismantling a person's culture while forcing them to accept another
assimilation the process by which an ethnic minority sacrifices their own culture in order to
integrate into another
cultural pluralism more than one culture, or when one keeps their first culture while in another
culture
cultural relativism seeing another's culture from that cultural perspective - not one's own values,
beliefs, etc.
cultural diffusion the spread of cultural beliefs from one group to another
phonology the study of speech sounds in language
phonetics study of the sounds of a language
morphology study of how words are formed
bound morpheme isn't a word on it's own; it's "bound" to a root (i.e., pre- or suffix)
free morpheme root words or words that can't get smaller
semantics meaning of words and sentences.
pragmatics the study of how context contributes to meaning
syntax how words are ordered in a sentence
orthography the conventional spelling system of a language
logographic a language that uses symbols to represent a complete word or morpheme.
Chinese is an excellent example.
syllabic a writing system based on syllables - units of speech sound
, Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) Day-to-day language needed to interact socially with other people.
They occur in a meaningful social context.
Takes six months to two years to learn
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) Formal academic learning.
Includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about content area
Takes five to seven years to develop
Not just vocab; it includes skills such as comparing, classifying, synthesizing,
evaluating, and inferring.
It is context reduced — read in a textbook or presented by the teacher
sociolinguistic competence can use appropriate language in a given situation
discourse competence the ability to start, enter, contribute to, and end a conversation
strategic competence the ability to communicate effectively and solve problems
register the kind of language used in different situations; how informal/formal the
conversation
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis the idea that language influences culture and perspective, such as how sexist
language influences the way we view men and women
i.e. 'fireman,' 'policeman,' and 'male nurse.'
universal grammar proposed by Noam Chomsky - people are born with an innate ability to
acquire language
input hypothesis we are only able to acquire language when we are exposed to input (written or
spoken language) that is comprehensible to us
monitor hypothesis the acquired system is affected by the learned system: applying the
understanding of learned grammar to edit, plan, and initiate communication
top-down approach uses background information to predict the meaning of language they are
going to listen to or read - general to specific progression
bottom-up approach an approach that starts with specifics (phonics, letters, vowels and syllables)
which are the building blocks of language - specific to general progression
Grammar Translation Method a method that focuses on teaching grammar and vocabulary - learners
translate text into their own language
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Acquisition - unconscious or natural process of developing proficiency in
another language
Learning - conscious process of developing proficiency in another language
based on language structures and vocabulary
