Women's health exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nutritional Needs •Direct effect of nutritional intake on fetal well-being and birth outcome
• Need for vitamin and mineral supplement daily
Dietary recommendations:
• Increase in protein, iron, folate, and calories (see Table 11.5)
• Use of USDA’s Food Guide MyPlate (see Figure 11.5)
• Avoidance of some fish due to mercury content
Essential nutrients Macronutrients:
- carbohydrates
- protein
- fats and oils
- water
Micronutrients:
- vitamins
- minerals
Macronutrients
Micronutrients and dietary recommendations during
pregnancy
Micronutrients for pregnant women •Iron and Folic acid supplements needed
• Form new blood cells for mothers expanded blood volume
• Prevent anemia
Micronutrients For Fetus:
• Iron is essential for:
-Fetal growth and brain development
• Folic acid essential for:
-Prevention of neural tube defects
• Women with prior hx NTD or carrying twins will need more folic acid than
what they get from general prenatal vitamins
Micronutrients: folic acid Folic acid
• Supplement should begin taking before pregnancy and during the early weeks
of pregnancy
- Can be naturally found in dark leafy greens: Asparagus, Broccoli, Citrus Fruits,
Beans, Peas, Lentils, Avocado, Seeds, Nuts, Cauliflowers, Celery, Carrots,
Squash
, Micronutrients: iron Iron
• Side effects of supplement: stomach upset and pain, constipation or diarrhea,
nausea, and vomiting.
• Recommendation for supplement intake: take on an empty stomach. If have
s/e, take with some food but avoid dairy. Do not take with antibiotics.
• Citrus juices can help with absorption of dietary iron.
• Can be naturally found in: Liver, meats, whole grain or enriched breads (e.g.,
wheat crackers and cereal), deep green leafy vegetables, legumes ( e.g., black
bean soup) and dried fruits.
Anemia •Major Health Consequences
-Poor pregnancy outcomes
-Impaired physical and cognitive fetus development (ex: spina bifida)
-Increased risk of morbidity in children (ex: sickle cell anemia)
-Reduced work productivity in adults
• Contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths
Vitamin C Supplements •S/E: N/V, heartburn, stomach cramps, headache, etc. If take too much can
cause issues for newborn.
• Avoid taking with antacids containing aluminum.
• Naturally found in: bell peppers, dark leafy greens, kiwifruit, broccoli, berries,
citrus fruits, tomatoes, peas, and papayas.
Vitamin A Supplements •Long term use S/E: fatigue, irritability, mental changes, anorexia, stomach
discomfort, N/V, mild fever, excessive sweating. Large amounts can cause birth
defects.
• Avoid taking with Antibiotics and Warfarin
• Naturally found in: sweet potatoes, carrots, dark leafy greens, winter squashes,
lettuce, dried apricots, cantaloupe, bell peppers, fish, liver, and tropical fruits.
Micronutrient deficiency (Know the deficiencies what they can cause)
Folic acid impact of deficiency - 150,000 babies are born annually with severe birth defects due to maternal
folate deficiency
- Deficiency is associated with 1 in every 10 adult deaths from heart disease
Iodine impact of deficiency - Annually, 18 million babies are born mentally impaired due to maternal iodine
deficiency
- Deficiency is the leading cause of preventable retardation
- Deficiency decreases IQ by as much as 15 points
Iron impact of deficiency - Deficiency causes the deaths of 136,000 women and infants per year
- Leading cause of death in childbirth
- 1.6 billion people suffer reduced productive capacity due to anemia
- Impairs the mental development of 40-60% of children in the developing
world
Vitamin A impact of deficiency - Deficiency causes 1 million premature child deaths a year
- Leading cause of preventable blindness among children
- Compromises the immune systems of approximately 40-60% of the
developing world's children under 5
CORRECT Answers
Nutritional Needs •Direct effect of nutritional intake on fetal well-being and birth outcome
• Need for vitamin and mineral supplement daily
Dietary recommendations:
• Increase in protein, iron, folate, and calories (see Table 11.5)
• Use of USDA’s Food Guide MyPlate (see Figure 11.5)
• Avoidance of some fish due to mercury content
Essential nutrients Macronutrients:
- carbohydrates
- protein
- fats and oils
- water
Micronutrients:
- vitamins
- minerals
Macronutrients
Micronutrients and dietary recommendations during
pregnancy
Micronutrients for pregnant women •Iron and Folic acid supplements needed
• Form new blood cells for mothers expanded blood volume
• Prevent anemia
Micronutrients For Fetus:
• Iron is essential for:
-Fetal growth and brain development
• Folic acid essential for:
-Prevention of neural tube defects
• Women with prior hx NTD or carrying twins will need more folic acid than
what they get from general prenatal vitamins
Micronutrients: folic acid Folic acid
• Supplement should begin taking before pregnancy and during the early weeks
of pregnancy
- Can be naturally found in dark leafy greens: Asparagus, Broccoli, Citrus Fruits,
Beans, Peas, Lentils, Avocado, Seeds, Nuts, Cauliflowers, Celery, Carrots,
Squash
, Micronutrients: iron Iron
• Side effects of supplement: stomach upset and pain, constipation or diarrhea,
nausea, and vomiting.
• Recommendation for supplement intake: take on an empty stomach. If have
s/e, take with some food but avoid dairy. Do not take with antibiotics.
• Citrus juices can help with absorption of dietary iron.
• Can be naturally found in: Liver, meats, whole grain or enriched breads (e.g.,
wheat crackers and cereal), deep green leafy vegetables, legumes ( e.g., black
bean soup) and dried fruits.
Anemia •Major Health Consequences
-Poor pregnancy outcomes
-Impaired physical and cognitive fetus development (ex: spina bifida)
-Increased risk of morbidity in children (ex: sickle cell anemia)
-Reduced work productivity in adults
• Contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths
Vitamin C Supplements •S/E: N/V, heartburn, stomach cramps, headache, etc. If take too much can
cause issues for newborn.
• Avoid taking with antacids containing aluminum.
• Naturally found in: bell peppers, dark leafy greens, kiwifruit, broccoli, berries,
citrus fruits, tomatoes, peas, and papayas.
Vitamin A Supplements •Long term use S/E: fatigue, irritability, mental changes, anorexia, stomach
discomfort, N/V, mild fever, excessive sweating. Large amounts can cause birth
defects.
• Avoid taking with Antibiotics and Warfarin
• Naturally found in: sweet potatoes, carrots, dark leafy greens, winter squashes,
lettuce, dried apricots, cantaloupe, bell peppers, fish, liver, and tropical fruits.
Micronutrient deficiency (Know the deficiencies what they can cause)
Folic acid impact of deficiency - 150,000 babies are born annually with severe birth defects due to maternal
folate deficiency
- Deficiency is associated with 1 in every 10 adult deaths from heart disease
Iodine impact of deficiency - Annually, 18 million babies are born mentally impaired due to maternal iodine
deficiency
- Deficiency is the leading cause of preventable retardation
- Deficiency decreases IQ by as much as 15 points
Iron impact of deficiency - Deficiency causes the deaths of 136,000 women and infants per year
- Leading cause of death in childbirth
- 1.6 billion people suffer reduced productive capacity due to anemia
- Impairs the mental development of 40-60% of children in the developing
world
Vitamin A impact of deficiency - Deficiency causes 1 million premature child deaths a year
- Leading cause of preventable blindness among children
- Compromises the immune systems of approximately 40-60% of the
developing world's children under 5
