A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH
EDITION 2026 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION
WORKBOOK A+
◉ Argument. Answer: a group of statements, one or more of which
(the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to
believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
◉ Premises. Answer: the statements that set forth the reasons or
evidence
◉ Conclusion. Answer: the statement that the evidence is claimed to
support or imply
◉ What are not statements?. Answer: -Question
-Proposal
-Suggestion
-Command
-Exclamation
◉ List some conclusion indicators. Answer: -Therefore
-Wherefore
,-Thus
-Consequently
-We May Infer
-Accordingly
-We may conclude
-It must be that
-For this reason
-So
-Entails that
-Hence
-it follows that
-it implies that
-as a result
◉ List some premise indicators. Answer: -Since
-As indicated by
-because
-for
-in that
-may be inferred from
-as
-given that
,-seeing that
-for the reason that
-inasmuch as
-owing to
◉ FIND THE PREMISE AND CONCLUSION:
"Expectant mothers should never use recreational drugs, since the
use of drugs of these drugs can jeopardize the development of the
fetus.". Answer: Premise: "Since the use of these drugs can
jeopardize the development of the fetus."
Conclusion: "Expectant mothers should never use recreational
drugs."
◉ Inference. Answer: the reasoning process expressed by an
argument
◉ Proposition. Answer: the meaning or information content of a
statement
◉ Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
, Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationships and order.
But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic
images. Scientists try to find relationships between different objects
and events. To express the order they find, they create hypotheses
and theories. Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared
to great art and great literature.. Answer: P1: Artists and Poets look
at the world and seek relationships and order.
P2: But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into
poetic images.
P3: Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and
events.
P4: To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and
theories.
C: Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art
and great literature.
◉ Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
Since the secondary light [from the moon] does not inherently
belong to the moon and is not received from any star or from the
sun, and since in the whole universe there is no other body left but
EDITION 2026 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION
WORKBOOK A+
◉ Argument. Answer: a group of statements, one or more of which
(the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to
believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
◉ Premises. Answer: the statements that set forth the reasons or
evidence
◉ Conclusion. Answer: the statement that the evidence is claimed to
support or imply
◉ What are not statements?. Answer: -Question
-Proposal
-Suggestion
-Command
-Exclamation
◉ List some conclusion indicators. Answer: -Therefore
-Wherefore
,-Thus
-Consequently
-We May Infer
-Accordingly
-We may conclude
-It must be that
-For this reason
-So
-Entails that
-Hence
-it follows that
-it implies that
-as a result
◉ List some premise indicators. Answer: -Since
-As indicated by
-because
-for
-in that
-may be inferred from
-as
-given that
,-seeing that
-for the reason that
-inasmuch as
-owing to
◉ FIND THE PREMISE AND CONCLUSION:
"Expectant mothers should never use recreational drugs, since the
use of drugs of these drugs can jeopardize the development of the
fetus.". Answer: Premise: "Since the use of these drugs can
jeopardize the development of the fetus."
Conclusion: "Expectant mothers should never use recreational
drugs."
◉ Inference. Answer: the reasoning process expressed by an
argument
◉ Proposition. Answer: the meaning or information content of a
statement
◉ Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
, Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationships and order.
But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic
images. Scientists try to find relationships between different objects
and events. To express the order they find, they create hypotheses
and theories. Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared
to great art and great literature.. Answer: P1: Artists and Poets look
at the world and seek relationships and order.
P2: But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into
poetic images.
P3: Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and
events.
P4: To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and
theories.
C: Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art
and great literature.
◉ Identifying Premise and Conclusion Practice!
Since the secondary light [from the moon] does not inherently
belong to the moon and is not received from any star or from the
sun, and since in the whole universe there is no other body left but
