A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH
EDITION 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS TOP REVIEW A+
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is an Argument? Answer: An argument, in its most basic form,
is a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are
claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the
others (the conclusion).
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a statement? Answer: First of all, an argument is a group of
statements. A statement is a sen- tence that is either true or false—
in other words, typically a declarative sentence or a sentence
component that could stand as a declarative sentence.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a Truth Value? Answer: Truth and falsity are called the two
possible truth values of a statement. Thus, the truth value of the first
two statements is true, the truth value of the second two is false, and
,the truth value of the last statement, as well as that of its
components, is true.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are not statements? Answer: Unlike statements, many
sentences cannot be said to be either true or false. Questions,
proposals, suggestions, commands, and exclamations usually cannot,
and so are not usually classified as statements. The following
sentences are not statements:
Where is Khartoum? question
Let's go to a movie tonight. proposal
I suggest you get contact lenses. suggestion
Turn off the TV right now. command
Fantastic! exclamation
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a premise and conclusion? Answer: The premises are the
statements that set forth the reasons or evidence, and the conclusion
is the statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
,What are some Conclusion Indicators? Answer: Some typical
conclusion indicators are: therefore,wherefore ,thus ,consequently
,we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so,
entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some premise indicators? Answer: Some typical premise
indicators are: since, as indicated by, because, for, in that, may be
inferred from, as, given that, seeing that, for the reason that, in as
much as, owing to
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What must one do when there are no indicator words? Answer:
Some arguments contain no indicators. With these, the
reader/listener must ask such questions as: What single statement
is claimed (implicitly) to follow from the others? What is the arguer
trying to prove? What is the main point in the passage? The answers
to these questions should point to the conclusion.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
, What are two conditions must be fulfilled for a passage to purport to
prove something? Answer: 1. At least one of the statements must
claim to present evidence or reasons.
2. There must be a claim that the alleged evidence supports or
implies something—
that is, a claim that something follows from the alleged evidence or
reasons.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is a factual claim? Answer:
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an inferential claim? Answer: The inferential claim is simply
the claim that the passage expresses a certain kind of reasoning
process—that something supports or implies something or that
something follows from something.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an explicit inferential claim? Answer: An explicit inferential
claim is usually asserted by premise or conclusion indicator words
("thus," "since," "because," "hence," "therefore," and so on).
EDITION 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS TOP REVIEW A+
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is an Argument? Answer: An argument, in its most basic form,
is a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are
claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the
others (the conclusion).
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a statement? Answer: First of all, an argument is a group of
statements. A statement is a sen- tence that is either true or false—
in other words, typically a declarative sentence or a sentence
component that could stand as a declarative sentence.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a Truth Value? Answer: Truth and falsity are called the two
possible truth values of a statement. Thus, the truth value of the first
two statements is true, the truth value of the second two is false, and
,the truth value of the last statement, as well as that of its
components, is true.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are not statements? Answer: Unlike statements, many
sentences cannot be said to be either true or false. Questions,
proposals, suggestions, commands, and exclamations usually cannot,
and so are not usually classified as statements. The following
sentences are not statements:
Where is Khartoum? question
Let's go to a movie tonight. proposal
I suggest you get contact lenses. suggestion
Turn off the TV right now. command
Fantastic! exclamation
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a premise and conclusion? Answer: The premises are the
statements that set forth the reasons or evidence, and the conclusion
is the statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
,What are some Conclusion Indicators? Answer: Some typical
conclusion indicators are: therefore,wherefore ,thus ,consequently
,we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so,
entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some premise indicators? Answer: Some typical premise
indicators are: since, as indicated by, because, for, in that, may be
inferred from, as, given that, seeing that, for the reason that, in as
much as, owing to
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What must one do when there are no indicator words? Answer:
Some arguments contain no indicators. With these, the
reader/listener must ask such questions as: What single statement
is claimed (implicitly) to follow from the others? What is the arguer
trying to prove? What is the main point in the passage? The answers
to these questions should point to the conclusion.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
, What are two conditions must be fulfilled for a passage to purport to
prove something? Answer: 1. At least one of the statements must
claim to present evidence or reasons.
2. There must be a claim that the alleged evidence supports or
implies something—
that is, a claim that something follows from the alleged evidence or
reasons.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is a factual claim? Answer:
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an inferential claim? Answer: The inferential claim is simply
the claim that the passage expresses a certain kind of reasoning
process—that something supports or implies something or that
something follows from something.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an explicit inferential claim? Answer: An explicit inferential
claim is usually asserted by premise or conclusion indicator words
("thus," "since," "because," "hence," "therefore," and so on).
