AMSA: Nursing 103 exam 4 Questions
with Correct Answers.
Advanced directives at end of life - Answer -DNR, Medical power of attorney
-MPOA only applies if patient cannot make decisions for themselves
Age related changes in drug metabolism - Answer -Decrease hepatic blood flow; leads to
decrease amount of drug inactivated before entering systemic circulation, leads to toxicity
-Decreased renal blood flow; half life increase, leads to toxicity, glomerular filtration rate greater
than 60, creatinine less than 1.2
Age related changes in cardiac - Answer -Decreased cardiac output
-Changes in nodal and conducting cells
-Replacement of damaged tissue by scar tissue (causes arrhythmias)
-Blood vessels constricting and decrease in blood flow
-Pooling of blood in lower leg veins
-Decrease response to stress
Age related changes in the respiratory system - Answer -Ribs become less mobile/chest wall
compliance decreases
-Osteoporosis/Calcification of costal cartilage lead to increased rigidity/stiffness
-Reduced recoil of lung
-Lungs become less elastic
-Muscle strength decline
-Respiratory rates generally are faster and shallower
-Decrease in surface area for gas exchange
-Poor wound healing due to poor perfusion/oxygenation
Assessing fluid status with heart failure - Answer -Edema scale to determine severity of
edema in extremities
-Daily weights (3 pounds in 48 hours or 5 pounds in a week)
-Intake and output
Assessment of chest pain - Answer -Myocardial infarction
-Pressure, not stabbing or sharp
-Those with diabetes less likely to have chest pain with heart attack due to nerve damage
, COPD diet - Answer -Avoid fluids just before meals and at bedtime to avoid bloating
-Rest before meals
-Eat 6 small meals per day
-Avoid high fiber (causes gas/bloating)
-Avoid dry foods (causes coughing)
Effects of COPD on the body - Answer -Not reversible whereas asthma is
-Easily fatigued, frequent respiratory infections, using accessory muscles to breath, orthopneic,
wheezing, pursed lip breathing, chronic cough with sputum especially in the morning, barrel
chest, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory time, digital clubbing, thin in appearance, cor pulmonale,
SOB, activity intolerance
Evaluating interventions for grief - Answer Are they making future plans?
Heart disease risk factors and how to modify them - Answer -Nonmodifiable; Age, gender,
family history
-Modifiable; Smoking, hypertension, high fad diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress
-Lose 10% of body weight is good for blood pressure
-75-150 minutes of moderate exercise in a week with strength/resistance training 2 days a week
-No smoking or drinking, meditate, guided imagery, yoga, exercise for stress
Left sided heart failure - Answer -SOB
-decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance, signs of decreased tissue perfusion, cyanosis,
and signs of hypoxia, pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, cough with frothy sputum, and
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Right sided heart failure - Answer -Edema
-Congestion of peripheral tissues, edema and ascites, liver congestion, impaired liver function,
GI tract congestion, anorexia, GI distress, weight loss
Management of acute dyspnea - Answer -Elevate HOB
-Encourage coughing
-Monitor O2
-Supply oxygen
-Give medicine if needed
with Correct Answers.
Advanced directives at end of life - Answer -DNR, Medical power of attorney
-MPOA only applies if patient cannot make decisions for themselves
Age related changes in drug metabolism - Answer -Decrease hepatic blood flow; leads to
decrease amount of drug inactivated before entering systemic circulation, leads to toxicity
-Decreased renal blood flow; half life increase, leads to toxicity, glomerular filtration rate greater
than 60, creatinine less than 1.2
Age related changes in cardiac - Answer -Decreased cardiac output
-Changes in nodal and conducting cells
-Replacement of damaged tissue by scar tissue (causes arrhythmias)
-Blood vessels constricting and decrease in blood flow
-Pooling of blood in lower leg veins
-Decrease response to stress
Age related changes in the respiratory system - Answer -Ribs become less mobile/chest wall
compliance decreases
-Osteoporosis/Calcification of costal cartilage lead to increased rigidity/stiffness
-Reduced recoil of lung
-Lungs become less elastic
-Muscle strength decline
-Respiratory rates generally are faster and shallower
-Decrease in surface area for gas exchange
-Poor wound healing due to poor perfusion/oxygenation
Assessing fluid status with heart failure - Answer -Edema scale to determine severity of
edema in extremities
-Daily weights (3 pounds in 48 hours or 5 pounds in a week)
-Intake and output
Assessment of chest pain - Answer -Myocardial infarction
-Pressure, not stabbing or sharp
-Those with diabetes less likely to have chest pain with heart attack due to nerve damage
, COPD diet - Answer -Avoid fluids just before meals and at bedtime to avoid bloating
-Rest before meals
-Eat 6 small meals per day
-Avoid high fiber (causes gas/bloating)
-Avoid dry foods (causes coughing)
Effects of COPD on the body - Answer -Not reversible whereas asthma is
-Easily fatigued, frequent respiratory infections, using accessory muscles to breath, orthopneic,
wheezing, pursed lip breathing, chronic cough with sputum especially in the morning, barrel
chest, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory time, digital clubbing, thin in appearance, cor pulmonale,
SOB, activity intolerance
Evaluating interventions for grief - Answer Are they making future plans?
Heart disease risk factors and how to modify them - Answer -Nonmodifiable; Age, gender,
family history
-Modifiable; Smoking, hypertension, high fad diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress
-Lose 10% of body weight is good for blood pressure
-75-150 minutes of moderate exercise in a week with strength/resistance training 2 days a week
-No smoking or drinking, meditate, guided imagery, yoga, exercise for stress
Left sided heart failure - Answer -SOB
-decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance, signs of decreased tissue perfusion, cyanosis,
and signs of hypoxia, pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, cough with frothy sputum, and
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Right sided heart failure - Answer -Edema
-Congestion of peripheral tissues, edema and ascites, liver congestion, impaired liver function,
GI tract congestion, anorexia, GI distress, weight loss
Management of acute dyspnea - Answer -Elevate HOB
-Encourage coughing
-Monitor O2
-Supply oxygen
-Give medicine if needed
