PAEA FAMILY MEDICINE
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Cystocele. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth, obesity, aging.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam.
First-Line: Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary,
surgery (anterior
repair).
⩥ Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth,
obesity, aging. Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam.
First-Line: Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary,
surgery (anterior
repair).
⩥ Dysmenorrhea. Answer: Risk Factors: Young age, heavy menses,
endometriosis. Investigations: Gold Stan-
dard: Laparoscopy (endometriosis). First-Line: Clinical history, pelvic
exam. Treat-
ment: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), hormonal therapy (e.g., OCP).
,⩥ Intrauterine Pregnancy. Answer: Risk Factors: N/A (normal
condition). Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound.
First-Line: Beta-hCG, transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment: Prenatal care,
monitor for
complications.
⩥ Menopause. Answer: Risk Factors: Age, genetics, smoking.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis. First-Line: FSH
levels, symptom history. Treatment: Lifestyle changes, HRT (if
indicated), SSRIs for vasomotor symptoms.
⩥ PID. Answer: Risk Factors: STIs, multiple partners, IUD use.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Laparoscopy. First-Line: Pelvic exam,
STI testing. Treatment: Ceftriaxone + doxycycline, hospitalize if severe.
⩥ Rectocele. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth, obesity, chronic
constipation. Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam. First-Line:
Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pes-
sary, surgery (posterior repair).
⩥ Spontaneous Abortion. Answer: Risk Factors: Age, chromosomal
abnormalities, smoking. Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound.
First-Line: Beta-hCG, transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment: Expectant
management, misoprostol, DC if incomplete.
, ⩥ Vaginitis. Answer: Risk Factors: Antibiotics, diabetes, sexual activity.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Wet mount/microscopy. First-Line:
Vaginal pH, microscopy. Treatment: Metronidazole (BV), fluconazole
(Candida), clindamycin (alternate).
⩥ Acute and Chronic Lower Back pain. Answer: Risk Factors: Obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, poor posture. Investigations: Gold Standard: MRI.
First-Line: Clinical exam, X-ray if red flags. Treatment: Physical
therapy,
NSAIDs, surgery for severe cases.
⩥ Chostochondritis. Answer: Risk Factors: Trauma, overuse, viral
infections. Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis. First-Line:
Physical exam, ECG to rule out cardiac. Treatment: NSAIDs,
rest, local heat.
⩥ Fibromyalgia. Answer: Risk Factors: Female sex, stress, family
history. Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis (ACR criteria).
First-Line: Symptom history, rule out mimics. Treatment: Duloxetine,
pregabalin, exercise, CBT.
⩥ Ganglion cysts. Answer: Risk Factors: Joint trauma, female sex,
osteoarthritis. Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound. First-Line:
Clinical exam. Treatment: Observation, aspiration, surgical excision if
symptomatic.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Cystocele. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth, obesity, aging.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam.
First-Line: Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary,
surgery (anterior
repair).
⩥ Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth,
obesity, aging. Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam.
First-Line: Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary,
surgery (anterior
repair).
⩥ Dysmenorrhea. Answer: Risk Factors: Young age, heavy menses,
endometriosis. Investigations: Gold Stan-
dard: Laparoscopy (endometriosis). First-Line: Clinical history, pelvic
exam. Treat-
ment: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), hormonal therapy (e.g., OCP).
,⩥ Intrauterine Pregnancy. Answer: Risk Factors: N/A (normal
condition). Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound.
First-Line: Beta-hCG, transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment: Prenatal care,
monitor for
complications.
⩥ Menopause. Answer: Risk Factors: Age, genetics, smoking.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis. First-Line: FSH
levels, symptom history. Treatment: Lifestyle changes, HRT (if
indicated), SSRIs for vasomotor symptoms.
⩥ PID. Answer: Risk Factors: STIs, multiple partners, IUD use.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Laparoscopy. First-Line: Pelvic exam,
STI testing. Treatment: Ceftriaxone + doxycycline, hospitalize if severe.
⩥ Rectocele. Answer: Risk Factors: Childbirth, obesity, chronic
constipation. Investigations: Gold Standard: Pelvic exam. First-Line:
Clinical exam. Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pes-
sary, surgery (posterior repair).
⩥ Spontaneous Abortion. Answer: Risk Factors: Age, chromosomal
abnormalities, smoking. Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound.
First-Line: Beta-hCG, transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment: Expectant
management, misoprostol, DC if incomplete.
, ⩥ Vaginitis. Answer: Risk Factors: Antibiotics, diabetes, sexual activity.
Investigations: Gold Standard: Wet mount/microscopy. First-Line:
Vaginal pH, microscopy. Treatment: Metronidazole (BV), fluconazole
(Candida), clindamycin (alternate).
⩥ Acute and Chronic Lower Back pain. Answer: Risk Factors: Obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, poor posture. Investigations: Gold Standard: MRI.
First-Line: Clinical exam, X-ray if red flags. Treatment: Physical
therapy,
NSAIDs, surgery for severe cases.
⩥ Chostochondritis. Answer: Risk Factors: Trauma, overuse, viral
infections. Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis. First-Line:
Physical exam, ECG to rule out cardiac. Treatment: NSAIDs,
rest, local heat.
⩥ Fibromyalgia. Answer: Risk Factors: Female sex, stress, family
history. Investigations: Gold Standard: Clinical diagnosis (ACR criteria).
First-Line: Symptom history, rule out mimics. Treatment: Duloxetine,
pregabalin, exercise, CBT.
⩥ Ganglion cysts. Answer: Risk Factors: Joint trauma, female sex,
osteoarthritis. Investigations: Gold Standard: Ultrasound. First-Line:
Clinical exam. Treatment: Observation, aspiration, surgical excision if
symptomatic.
