NUR 208 EXAM 1: Complete Study Guide (Latest 2026/2027 Update) |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: NUR 208 Exam 1 – Developmental Theories (Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg,
Maslow), Healthy People 2020, Health Care Delivery, Cultural Competence, Social
Determinants
Source: Nursing Fundamentals / Health Promotion / Developmental Psychology / Population
Health
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical & Theoretical Rationale | 100% Verified
1: According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur?
Correct Answer: oral, anal, oedipal, latency, genital
1. Freud's psychosexual stages: oral (0-1), anal (1-3), phallic/oedipal (3-6), latency (6-12), genital
(12+).
2. Each stage focuses on different erogenous zones; unresolved conflict causes fixation.
2: The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to:
Correct Answer: evaluate accomplishments for years 2010-2020.
1. Healthy People provides science-based 10-year national health objectives.
2. Measures progress in health promotion and disease prevention.
3: Health status could be best evaluated by examination of:
Correct Answer: birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy.
1. Core population health indicators: birth rates measure fertility; morbidity measures illness; life
expectancy measures mortality.
2. Combined data track community health over time.
4: The "back to sleep" program reduces SIDS by:
Correct Answer: placing the baby on its back in the crib.
1. Supine sleeping reduces risk of rebreathing carbon dioxide and overheating.
2. Campaign decreased SIDS deaths by over 50% since 1994.
5: Healthy People 2020 endorses high school education primarily to enable:
Correct Answer: make healthy lifestyle choices.
1. Education correlates with health literacy, preventive care use, and risk reduction.
2. Higher education linked to better health outcomes across the lifespan.
6: Healthy People 2020 is published by:
Correct Answer: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
1. HHS oversees national public health initiatives.
2. Healthy People 2020 succeeded by Healthy People 2030.
,7: Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur:
Correct Answer: before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births.
1. Key global health indicator; reflects maternal/newborn care quality.
2. US rate higher than many developed nations; disparities by race/socioeconomic status.
8: Healthy People 2020 focuses on older adult's need for:
Correct Answer: maintenance of independent lifestyles.
1. Aging in place and functional independence are priorities.
2. Fall prevention, chronic disease management, social engagement key.
9: Morbidity and mortality data help identify:
Correct Answer: high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards.
1. Epidemiology identifies vulnerable populations for targeted interventions.
2. Example: toddlers at risk for drowning, elderly for falls.
10: A major cause of death for children under age 1 is:
Correct Answer: congenital abnormalities.
1. Leading cause of infant mortality; includes heart defects, neural tube defects.
2. Prenatal care and folic acid reduce some congenital anomalies.
11: The health-care worker advises folic acid supplement in early pregnancy to:
Correct Answer: prevent neural tube defects.
1. Folic acid (400-800 mcg daily) reduces spina bifida and anencephaly risk.
2. Critical during first 28 days of gestation before many women know pregnancy.
12: Guidelines for "baby-friendly" hospitals include:
Correct Answer: encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life.
1. WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: 10 steps to successful breastfeeding.
2. Includes rooming-in, no pacifiers, breastfeeding on demand.
13: Statistic widely used to compare health status of different populations:
Correct Answer: infant mortality rate.
1. Sensitive indicator of maternal-child health, sanitation, and healthcare access.
2. Allows cross-country and within-country comparisons.
14: Health education program for geriatric adults based on Healthy People 2020 would
include:
Correct Answer: fall prevention.
1. Falls leading cause of injury and death in older adults.
2. Prevention: home safety, balance exercises, medication review.
, 15: The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include:
Correct Answer: forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.
1. Advocacy at policy level; nurses serve on boards, testify, and lobby.
2. Professional organizations (ANA) support legislative engagement.
16: Adults over 65 can significantly reduce health risk by:
Correct Answer: getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia.
1. Older adults at high risk for complications from flu and pneumococcal disease.
2. Vaccination reduces hospitalizations and mortality.
17: Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by:
Correct Answer: institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care.
1. Rising costs drove managed care, DRGs, and value-based purchasing.
2. Focus on quality outcomes and cost containment.
18: Purpose of Medicaid is to provide:
Correct Answer: medical care on the basis of need or poverty.
1. Joint federal-state program for low-income individuals, families, disabled.
2. Covers services not paid by Medicare.
19: Student researching WIC program would acquire most useful information from:
Correct Answer: the Federal Register.
1. Federal Register publishes official regulations and program rules.
2. WIC provides nutrition education and food supplements to pregnant women, infants, children.
20: The Human Genome Project can reduce health-care costs by helping providers to:
Correct Answer: detect illnesses before they become chronic.
1. Genetic screening enables early intervention and personalized medicine.
2. Preventive approach reduces expensive chronic disease management.
21: TEFRA (1982) established development of:
Correct Answer: diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
1. DRGs classify hospital cases into payment groups; incentives for efficiency.
2. Prospective payment system replaced cost-based reimbursement.
22: Scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by:
Correct Answer: Nurse Practice Act.
1. Each state has its own Nurse Practice Act defining legal scope.
2. Boards of nursing enforce regulations and discipline.
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: NUR 208 Exam 1 – Developmental Theories (Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg,
Maslow), Healthy People 2020, Health Care Delivery, Cultural Competence, Social
Determinants
Source: Nursing Fundamentals / Health Promotion / Developmental Psychology / Population
Health
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical & Theoretical Rationale | 100% Verified
1: According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur?
Correct Answer: oral, anal, oedipal, latency, genital
1. Freud's psychosexual stages: oral (0-1), anal (1-3), phallic/oedipal (3-6), latency (6-12), genital
(12+).
2. Each stage focuses on different erogenous zones; unresolved conflict causes fixation.
2: The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to:
Correct Answer: evaluate accomplishments for years 2010-2020.
1. Healthy People provides science-based 10-year national health objectives.
2. Measures progress in health promotion and disease prevention.
3: Health status could be best evaluated by examination of:
Correct Answer: birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy.
1. Core population health indicators: birth rates measure fertility; morbidity measures illness; life
expectancy measures mortality.
2. Combined data track community health over time.
4: The "back to sleep" program reduces SIDS by:
Correct Answer: placing the baby on its back in the crib.
1. Supine sleeping reduces risk of rebreathing carbon dioxide and overheating.
2. Campaign decreased SIDS deaths by over 50% since 1994.
5: Healthy People 2020 endorses high school education primarily to enable:
Correct Answer: make healthy lifestyle choices.
1. Education correlates with health literacy, preventive care use, and risk reduction.
2. Higher education linked to better health outcomes across the lifespan.
6: Healthy People 2020 is published by:
Correct Answer: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
1. HHS oversees national public health initiatives.
2. Healthy People 2020 succeeded by Healthy People 2030.
,7: Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur:
Correct Answer: before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births.
1. Key global health indicator; reflects maternal/newborn care quality.
2. US rate higher than many developed nations; disparities by race/socioeconomic status.
8: Healthy People 2020 focuses on older adult's need for:
Correct Answer: maintenance of independent lifestyles.
1. Aging in place and functional independence are priorities.
2. Fall prevention, chronic disease management, social engagement key.
9: Morbidity and mortality data help identify:
Correct Answer: high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards.
1. Epidemiology identifies vulnerable populations for targeted interventions.
2. Example: toddlers at risk for drowning, elderly for falls.
10: A major cause of death for children under age 1 is:
Correct Answer: congenital abnormalities.
1. Leading cause of infant mortality; includes heart defects, neural tube defects.
2. Prenatal care and folic acid reduce some congenital anomalies.
11: The health-care worker advises folic acid supplement in early pregnancy to:
Correct Answer: prevent neural tube defects.
1. Folic acid (400-800 mcg daily) reduces spina bifida and anencephaly risk.
2. Critical during first 28 days of gestation before many women know pregnancy.
12: Guidelines for "baby-friendly" hospitals include:
Correct Answer: encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life.
1. WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: 10 steps to successful breastfeeding.
2. Includes rooming-in, no pacifiers, breastfeeding on demand.
13: Statistic widely used to compare health status of different populations:
Correct Answer: infant mortality rate.
1. Sensitive indicator of maternal-child health, sanitation, and healthcare access.
2. Allows cross-country and within-country comparisons.
14: Health education program for geriatric adults based on Healthy People 2020 would
include:
Correct Answer: fall prevention.
1. Falls leading cause of injury and death in older adults.
2. Prevention: home safety, balance exercises, medication review.
, 15: The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include:
Correct Answer: forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.
1. Advocacy at policy level; nurses serve on boards, testify, and lobby.
2. Professional organizations (ANA) support legislative engagement.
16: Adults over 65 can significantly reduce health risk by:
Correct Answer: getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia.
1. Older adults at high risk for complications from flu and pneumococcal disease.
2. Vaccination reduces hospitalizations and mortality.
17: Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by:
Correct Answer: institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care.
1. Rising costs drove managed care, DRGs, and value-based purchasing.
2. Focus on quality outcomes and cost containment.
18: Purpose of Medicaid is to provide:
Correct Answer: medical care on the basis of need or poverty.
1. Joint federal-state program for low-income individuals, families, disabled.
2. Covers services not paid by Medicare.
19: Student researching WIC program would acquire most useful information from:
Correct Answer: the Federal Register.
1. Federal Register publishes official regulations and program rules.
2. WIC provides nutrition education and food supplements to pregnant women, infants, children.
20: The Human Genome Project can reduce health-care costs by helping providers to:
Correct Answer: detect illnesses before they become chronic.
1. Genetic screening enables early intervention and personalized medicine.
2. Preventive approach reduces expensive chronic disease management.
21: TEFRA (1982) established development of:
Correct Answer: diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
1. DRGs classify hospital cases into payment groups; incentives for efficiency.
2. Prospective payment system replaced cost-based reimbursement.
22: Scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by:
Correct Answer: Nurse Practice Act.
1. Each state has its own Nurse Practice Act defining legal scope.
2. Boards of nursing enforce regulations and discipline.
