APEA Predictor Exam 2026/2027 | 100 Verified
Questions & Answers with Rationales | Guaranteed A+
Study Guide | Latest Update
✅ Question 1
A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon-shaped nails. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Iron deficiency anemia
💡 Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to reduced hemoglobin production, causing
fatigue and characteristic signs like koilonychia (spoon nails).
✅ Question 2
Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone
✔ Correct Answer: B. Parathyroid hormone
,💡 Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by acting on bones, kidneys, and
intestines.
✅ Question 3
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is at risk of developing:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Ketoacidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Hypercalcemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Ketoacidosis
💡 Rationale: Lack of insulin leads to fat breakdown and ketone production,
causing metabolic acidosis.
✅ Question 4
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D. Hypothalamus
✔ Correct Answer: B. Cerebellum
💡 Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains
posture and balance.
✅ Question 5
The normal range for adult resting heart rate is:
,A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–120 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
✔ Correct Answer: B. 60–100 bpm
💡 Rationale: This is the standard physiological range for adults at rest.
✅ Question 6
Which condition is characterized by airway inflammation and
bronchoconstriction?
A. COPD
B. Asthma
C. Pneumonia
D. Tuberculosis
✔ Correct Answer: B. Asthma
💡 Rationale: Asthma involves reversible airway obstruction due to
inflammation and smooth muscle constriction.
✅ Question 7
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Transport oxygen
C. Produce hormones
, D. Clot blood
✔ Correct Answer: B. Transport oxygen
💡 Rationale: Hemoglobin in RBCs binds oxygen for delivery to tissues.
✅ Question 8
Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
💡 Rationale: Low potassium disrupts neuromuscular and cardiac function.
✅ Question 9
The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Neuron
B. Alveoli
C. Nephron
D. Glomerulus
✔ Correct Answer: C. Nephron
💡 Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine.
✅ Question 10
Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Questions & Answers with Rationales | Guaranteed A+
Study Guide | Latest Update
✅ Question 1
A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon-shaped nails. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Iron deficiency anemia
💡 Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to reduced hemoglobin production, causing
fatigue and characteristic signs like koilonychia (spoon nails).
✅ Question 2
Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone
✔ Correct Answer: B. Parathyroid hormone
,💡 Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by acting on bones, kidneys, and
intestines.
✅ Question 3
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is at risk of developing:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Ketoacidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Hypercalcemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Ketoacidosis
💡 Rationale: Lack of insulin leads to fat breakdown and ketone production,
causing metabolic acidosis.
✅ Question 4
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D. Hypothalamus
✔ Correct Answer: B. Cerebellum
💡 Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains
posture and balance.
✅ Question 5
The normal range for adult resting heart rate is:
,A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–120 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
✔ Correct Answer: B. 60–100 bpm
💡 Rationale: This is the standard physiological range for adults at rest.
✅ Question 6
Which condition is characterized by airway inflammation and
bronchoconstriction?
A. COPD
B. Asthma
C. Pneumonia
D. Tuberculosis
✔ Correct Answer: B. Asthma
💡 Rationale: Asthma involves reversible airway obstruction due to
inflammation and smooth muscle constriction.
✅ Question 7
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Transport oxygen
C. Produce hormones
, D. Clot blood
✔ Correct Answer: B. Transport oxygen
💡 Rationale: Hemoglobin in RBCs binds oxygen for delivery to tissues.
✅ Question 8
Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
✔ Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
💡 Rationale: Low potassium disrupts neuromuscular and cardiac function.
✅ Question 9
The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Neuron
B. Alveoli
C. Nephron
D. Glomerulus
✔ Correct Answer: C. Nephron
💡 Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine.
✅ Question 10
Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
