Exam 2: NSG3280 / NSG 3280
(Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Pathophysiology for Nurses I
Guide| Questions & Answers|
Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Galen
Based on the available information, I have compiled a focused review of verified questions and answers
for the NSG 3280 Pathophysiology for Nurses I Exam 2, based on the latest 2025/2026 updates for Galen
College of Nursing.
, I have organized the questions around the core themes identified in the search results for Exam 2,
including cellular adaptation, immunology, infectious diseases, fluid/electrolyte balance, and oncology .
### � Cellular Adaptation & Injury
* **Question:** A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This
cellular adaptation is best described as:
* **Answer:** **Hypertrophy** (an increase in cell size, which in this case is a response to the
sustained pressure overload from high blood pressure) .
* **Question:** A patient with long-standing GERD undergoes an esophageal biopsy. The pathology
report indicates columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus, replacing the normal squamous
epithelium. This change is termed:
* **Answer:** **Metaplasia** (a reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, often
as an adaptive response to chronic irritation) .
* **Question:** Which of the following is characteristic of irreversible cell injury leading to necrosis,
but not apoptosis?
* **Answer:** **Inflammatory response due to membrane rupture**. Necrosis is unregulated and
causes inflammation, whereas apoptosis is a programmed cell death that typically does not .
### 🛡️ Immunology & Hypersensitivity
* **Question:** A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops fever, chills, and back pain. The
nurse suspects an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. This is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
* **Answer:** **Type II hypersensitivity** (a cytotoxic reaction where antibodies bind to cell
surface antigens, in this case on donor red blood cells) .
* **Question:** A patient with HIV has a CD4 count of 180 cells/μL. The nurse understands that the
patient is at high risk for opportunistic infections because HIV primarily affects which cells?
* **Answer:** **Helper T (CD4+) lymphocytes**. The destruction of these cells cripples the immune
system's ability to coordinate a response to pathogens .
* **Question:** Corticosteroids are a common therapy for many inflammatory conditions. They work
primarily by reducing what?
* **Answer:** **Inflammation** .
(Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Pathophysiology for Nurses I
Guide| Questions & Answers|
Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Galen
Based on the available information, I have compiled a focused review of verified questions and answers
for the NSG 3280 Pathophysiology for Nurses I Exam 2, based on the latest 2025/2026 updates for Galen
College of Nursing.
, I have organized the questions around the core themes identified in the search results for Exam 2,
including cellular adaptation, immunology, infectious diseases, fluid/electrolyte balance, and oncology .
### � Cellular Adaptation & Injury
* **Question:** A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This
cellular adaptation is best described as:
* **Answer:** **Hypertrophy** (an increase in cell size, which in this case is a response to the
sustained pressure overload from high blood pressure) .
* **Question:** A patient with long-standing GERD undergoes an esophageal biopsy. The pathology
report indicates columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus, replacing the normal squamous
epithelium. This change is termed:
* **Answer:** **Metaplasia** (a reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, often
as an adaptive response to chronic irritation) .
* **Question:** Which of the following is characteristic of irreversible cell injury leading to necrosis,
but not apoptosis?
* **Answer:** **Inflammatory response due to membrane rupture**. Necrosis is unregulated and
causes inflammation, whereas apoptosis is a programmed cell death that typically does not .
### 🛡️ Immunology & Hypersensitivity
* **Question:** A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops fever, chills, and back pain. The
nurse suspects an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. This is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
* **Answer:** **Type II hypersensitivity** (a cytotoxic reaction where antibodies bind to cell
surface antigens, in this case on donor red blood cells) .
* **Question:** A patient with HIV has a CD4 count of 180 cells/μL. The nurse understands that the
patient is at high risk for opportunistic infections because HIV primarily affects which cells?
* **Answer:** **Helper T (CD4+) lymphocytes**. The destruction of these cells cripples the immune
system's ability to coordinate a response to pathogens .
* **Question:** Corticosteroids are a common therapy for many inflammatory conditions. They work
primarily by reducing what?
* **Answer:** **Inflammation** .
