initiation stage
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starts from the cause (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal) to the kidneys and
end when s/s appear (few hrs-several days)
must find cause and correct to prevent long term damage to nephrons
acute kidney injury
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acute, sudden decrease in renal function, build up of waste, fluid,
electrolytes
,mutations in genes prostate cancer
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BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 (also cause breast cancer)
early on prostate cancer cells depend heavily on androgen for survival,
cells mutate and keep multiplying without androgens, relatively slow rate of
growth compared to other cancers
cystine stones
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forms when too much of the amino acid "cystine" in urine
rare, genetic (PCT 100% amino acid)
risk factors prostate cancer
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old age, obesity, high fat low fiber diet
diagnosis colon cancer
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, colonoscopy- pictures, biopsy
fecal occult blood testing (for gi bleed)
tumor marker CEA (not specific)
barium enema (abnormalities in large intestines)
colorectal carcinomas
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most are adenocarcinomas- they arise from the cells lining the intestinal
glands
most are due to sporadic mutations, small number due to known genetic
mutations that run in persons family (ex. is adenomatous polyposis coli
gene, APC, which is tumor suppressor gene. normally APC protein
identifies when a cell is accumulating a lot of mutations and forces it to
undergo apoptosis (cell death)
APC gene mutated --> mutated cells don't die --> allows uncontrolled
division --> gives rise to polyps --> overtime, polyps might accumulate
more mutations in other tumor suppressor genes --> MALIGNANT tumor --
> cells invade neighboring tissue
symptoms colon cancer
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
starts from the cause (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal) to the kidneys and
end when s/s appear (few hrs-several days)
must find cause and correct to prevent long term damage to nephrons
acute kidney injury
Give this one a try later!
acute, sudden decrease in renal function, build up of waste, fluid,
electrolytes
,mutations in genes prostate cancer
Give this one a try later!
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 (also cause breast cancer)
early on prostate cancer cells depend heavily on androgen for survival,
cells mutate and keep multiplying without androgens, relatively slow rate of
growth compared to other cancers
cystine stones
Give this one a try later!
forms when too much of the amino acid "cystine" in urine
rare, genetic (PCT 100% amino acid)
risk factors prostate cancer
Give this one a try later!
old age, obesity, high fat low fiber diet
diagnosis colon cancer
Give this one a try later!
, colonoscopy- pictures, biopsy
fecal occult blood testing (for gi bleed)
tumor marker CEA (not specific)
barium enema (abnormalities in large intestines)
colorectal carcinomas
Give this one a try later!
most are adenocarcinomas- they arise from the cells lining the intestinal
glands
most are due to sporadic mutations, small number due to known genetic
mutations that run in persons family (ex. is adenomatous polyposis coli
gene, APC, which is tumor suppressor gene. normally APC protein
identifies when a cell is accumulating a lot of mutations and forces it to
undergo apoptosis (cell death)
APC gene mutated --> mutated cells don't die --> allows uncontrolled
division --> gives rise to polyps --> overtime, polyps might accumulate
more mutations in other tumor suppressor genes --> MALIGNANT tumor --
> cells invade neighboring tissue
symptoms colon cancer
Give this one a try later!
