PGY 300 RESPIRATORY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION QUESTIONS ANSWERS
COMPLETE SOLUTION VERIFIED PASS
●● Structural components of respiratory system
Answer: 2 lungs, the upper and lower respiratory tracts, blood vessels
that serve these structures, the diaphragm, and the thoracic cage
●● Pulmonary ventilation
Answer: the physical act of breathing (inhalation and expiration),
moving air between the atmosphere and alveoli
●● External Respiration
Answer: oxygen moves from alveoli to blood and carbon dioxide moves
from blood to alveoli across respiratory membrane
●● Gas transport
Answer: the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Blood carries O2 to tissues and CO2 back to lungs
●● Internal respiration
Answer: Oxygen moves blood to tissue cells and carbon dioxide moves
from cells to blood
,●● Cellular respiration
Answer: cells use oxygen to produce energy and release carbon dioxide
as waste
set of metabolic reactions within a cell to convert nutrient biochemical
energy into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
●● Control of ventilation
Answer: contraction of diaphragm which increases chest cavity volume
and is the primary action for inhalation
●● Regulation of ventilation
Answer: how fast breathes are, initiated by neural signals originating
from the pons or cerebrum, which in turn signal neurons in the medulla
●● Primary bronchi
Answer: first branching of bronchi
●● What maintains patency in trachea
Answer: Reinforcing rings of cartilage allow openness
●● What regulates airflow through bronchi
Answer: Smooth muscle
, Bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation
●● Non-respiratory vs respiratory sections of bronchi
Answer: Non-respiratory: not connected with an alveolus and do not
directly perform gas exchange
Respiratory: connected with an alveolus and directly perform gas
exchange
●● What is the function of mucus in bronchial wall
Answer: form a protective barrier by trapping debris
Cilia beat in a coordinated manner to shift mucus upwards and outwards
"mucociliary escalator"
●● What kind of cells make mucus
Answer: goblet cells- synthesize and release mucins that form the sticky
mucus layer, trapping debris and pathogens
●● Surfactant
Answer: lines the inside of the alveoli and plays critical role in ensuring
small alveoli do not collapse on exhale
Breaks up H-bonds, making it easier for lungs to expand back
●● Ciliated cell
EVALUATION QUESTIONS ANSWERS
COMPLETE SOLUTION VERIFIED PASS
●● Structural components of respiratory system
Answer: 2 lungs, the upper and lower respiratory tracts, blood vessels
that serve these structures, the diaphragm, and the thoracic cage
●● Pulmonary ventilation
Answer: the physical act of breathing (inhalation and expiration),
moving air between the atmosphere and alveoli
●● External Respiration
Answer: oxygen moves from alveoli to blood and carbon dioxide moves
from blood to alveoli across respiratory membrane
●● Gas transport
Answer: the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Blood carries O2 to tissues and CO2 back to lungs
●● Internal respiration
Answer: Oxygen moves blood to tissue cells and carbon dioxide moves
from cells to blood
,●● Cellular respiration
Answer: cells use oxygen to produce energy and release carbon dioxide
as waste
set of metabolic reactions within a cell to convert nutrient biochemical
energy into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
●● Control of ventilation
Answer: contraction of diaphragm which increases chest cavity volume
and is the primary action for inhalation
●● Regulation of ventilation
Answer: how fast breathes are, initiated by neural signals originating
from the pons or cerebrum, which in turn signal neurons in the medulla
●● Primary bronchi
Answer: first branching of bronchi
●● What maintains patency in trachea
Answer: Reinforcing rings of cartilage allow openness
●● What regulates airflow through bronchi
Answer: Smooth muscle
, Bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation
●● Non-respiratory vs respiratory sections of bronchi
Answer: Non-respiratory: not connected with an alveolus and do not
directly perform gas exchange
Respiratory: connected with an alveolus and directly perform gas
exchange
●● What is the function of mucus in bronchial wall
Answer: form a protective barrier by trapping debris
Cilia beat in a coordinated manner to shift mucus upwards and outwards
"mucociliary escalator"
●● What kind of cells make mucus
Answer: goblet cells- synthesize and release mucins that form the sticky
mucus layer, trapping debris and pathogens
●● Surfactant
Answer: lines the inside of the alveoli and plays critical role in ensuring
small alveoli do not collapse on exhale
Breaks up H-bonds, making it easier for lungs to expand back
●● Ciliated cell
